Many diabetic patients, during the consultation, often do not understand the various diabetic values spoken by the doctor, which hinders the opportunity to receive diabetes education, therefore, it is recommended that the most critical numbers below need to be mastered by the diabetic patients.
I. Diagnostic numbers
1.Blood biochemical indicators
(1) Blood sugar: 1. Normal value of blood sugar: fasting <6.1mmol/L. 2 hours after meal <7.8mmol/L. If 2 hours after meal <3.9mmol/L can be diagnosed as hypoglycemia.
2.Glucose control value: By general standard, fasting blood sugar should be <7.0mmol/L and 2 hours after meal blood sugar should be <10mmol/L.
3.Diagnostic value of impaired glucose tolerance: fasting blood sugar 6.1~<7.0mmol/L is called impaired fasting blood sugar.
4.Diabetes diagnosis value: fasting blood glucose (fasting state means no calorie intake for at least 8 hours) ≥7.8 mmol/L, or 2 hours postprandial blood glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L, or random blood glucose (means blood glucose at any time of the day without considering the last meal time) ≥11.1 mmol/L, can be diagnosed as diabetes.
(2) Normal value of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc): ≤6.5%, 6.5%~<7.0% for general, ≥7.0% for diabetes mellitus. For every 1 mmol/L increase in fasting blood glucose, HbAlc increases by 0.7%.
(3) Normal values of blood lipids: total cholesterol (TC) <4.5 mmol/L; triglycerides (TG) <1.5 mmol/L, >1.7 mmol/L as increased, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <2.5 mmol/L, >3.12 mmol/L as increased; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) >1.1 mmol/L, <1.0 mmol/L as increased. <1.0 mmol/L is decreased.
(4) Urine microalbumin: normal <30 mg/L. When >30 mg/L is early nephropathy.
(5) Normal values of renal function: urea nitrogen <8.2 mmol; creatinine: male <133umol, female <124umol; uric acid <420mmol.
Because the normal values of biochemical indicators vary with age, gender, and race, they are collectively referred to as reference values. To facilitate memory, the author made up a jingle: “Biochemical indicators are good to remember, 1234567”. That is, HDL>1.0, triglycerides<2.0, LDL<3.0, uric acid should not be <4(420), total cholesterol<5.0, fasting glucose<6.0, glycosylated hemoglobin<7.0.
2.Sign indicators
(1) Weight: ideal weight = height – 105 (kg). Body mass index (BMI) = weight (kg) ÷ height (m)2, normal 19-23, <19 is wasting, 23-25 is overweight, >25 is obese.
(2) Blood pressure: normal 120/80mmHg, >140/90mmHg for hypertension.
(3) Heart rate: about 72 beats per minute, slower than 60 is bradycardia, >90 is tachycardia.
(4) Respiration: 16-20 times per minute, <10 and >24 times per minute are abnormal.
(5) Body temperature: 36 to 37℃, daily temperature difference should be <1℃. If the daily temperature difference >1℃ or axillary temperature >37.3℃ is fever.
(6) Urine volume: normal urine volume is 1500ml, >2500ml is called polyuria, <500ml is oliguria, and below 200ml is urinary closure, which is a serious manifestation of renal failure.
(7) Medical history prediction: diabetic patients who take the initiative to consult the doctor presumed to have a medical history of 5 years, diabetes mellitus was found in the first consultation of retinopathy, presumed to have a medical history of 7 to 9 years.
Second, treatment figures
Diabetic patients after long-term insulin therapy, in the case of normal diet and exercise blood sugar can be maintained at a good level, but special circumstances, how to adjust the amount of insulin, now an example.
1. If you go to a banquet at noon, the insulin dosage before lunch should be 1 to 2 units more than the original dosage.
2, a unit of insulin can reduce the blood sugar raised by 20 grams of staple food.
3, 1 hour after the meal, exercise for 30 minutes, walking 100 steps per minute, can consume 50% of the calories of sugar and fat each, can reduce blood sugar 1 to 2mmol / L.
4.Insulin dosage needs to be increased by 20% for those who have a fever of more than 38℃ due to illness.
5, animal insulin to human insulin, the dosage needs to be reduced by 20%, and vice versa should be increased by 20%.
6, euglycemic 1 tablet 2.5 mg, equivalent to insulin 5 units of hypoglycemic effect.
7. Fasting blood glucose >7.0mmol/L, 1 unit of insulin should be added for every 1.4mmol/L increase in blood glucose. 2 hours after meal, blood sugar >10mmol/L, for every 2mmol/L increase in blood sugar, 1 unit of insulin will be added.
8, has used oral hypoglycemic drugs up to the maximum amount, HbAlc is still higher than 7% need to add insulin; first-time diabetes HbAlc is higher than 9% need to add insulin.