The use of drainage surgery in bile duct patients is dangerous and patients may face the danger of complications such as bleeding, infection, bile fistula, blockage and dislocation of drainage tubes, restenosis and occlusion of stents. Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor disease of the digestive system with a poor prognosis, and patients are likely to face death in a short period of time if they do not undergo any surgery as well as drainage. Drainage is a commonly used treatment for cholangiocarcinoma, which can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of patients with bile duct obstruction, and it includes two kinds of drainage: external drainage and internal drainage. However, drainage also has certain risks. In the process of drainage, it cannot be ruled out that patients may suffer from complications such as abdominal bleeding, biliary bleeding, biliary fistula, retrograde infection, blockage and dislocation of drainage tube, and so on. Cholangiocarcinoma patients need to implement appropriate treatment plan according to their conditions, but according to the tips of Practical Internal Medicine, the survival time of patients in advanced stage is generally less than one year if they simply use drainage; individuals should pay attention to preventing and controlling cholangiocarcinoma, and consult the doctor in time when there are abnormal jaundice, abdominal pain and discomfort, and other symptoms.