Pediatric pneumonia is a common disease in infancy and early childhood and is a common cause of death in infants and children in the northern part of China, most often in winter and spring. In pediatrics, pneumonia often develops from an upper respiratory tract infection. The viral infection at the beginning of the disease weakens the body’s resistance, at which point bacteria or mycoplasma take advantage of the situation to trigger inflammation of the alveoli. Children with underlying diseases such as asthma, congenital heart disease, and immunodeficiency disorders are more likely to develop pneumonia than other children. Pneumonia in infants can lead to serious consequences if not treated promptly after the onset of the disease. Mild cases of pneumonia can be treated on an outpatient basis or at home, such as prompt fever reduction, regular nebulized inhalation, and oral cough and phlegm medications. Parents should encourage their children to drink more water to ensure adequate fluid intake in order to dilute the sputum for easy expulsion. For children who cannot cough up sputum on their own, parents should pat their children’s backs under the guidance of doctors to help them expel sputum. Keep the room temperature around 20℃ and relative humidity 55%-65%. Open windows regularly to keep the air circulating. Avoid contact with family members who also have respiratory infections, and family members caring for the baby should wear masks. Keep the baby’s respiratory tract open and remove secretions from the mouth and nasal cavity in a timely manner. Recovering babies should pay attention to ensuring nutrition and calorie intake. In the season of pneumonia epidemic, if the child has heavy cough or with wheezing, oral medication is ineffective; fever for more than 3 days with no downward trend of peak; sputum is abundant or yellow-colored; mental weakening, poor appetite, abdominal pain, etc. Any of the above symptoms should be seen in the hospital. Parents need to pay attention to the fact that when the child shows depression, difficulty in breathing, pale or blue face, blue lips and nail bed, they need to go to the emergency department of the nearest hospital as soon as possible.