Pediatric viral encephalitis, a variety of viruses can cause acute intracranial inflammation, lesions mainly affecting the brain parenchyma, clinical manifestations vary depending on the location, extent and severity of the brain parenchyma, treatment can be taken as general therapy, antiviral therapy, symptomatic treatment. Clinical manifestations: 1. Diffuse cerebral lesions: mainly manifested as fever, repeated convulsive episodes, different degrees of impaired consciousness and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. If irregular respiratory rhythm or unequal pupils are present, the possibility of intracranial hypertension with brain herniation should be considered. 2. Lesions involving the frontal cortical motor area: recurrent convulsive seizures are the main manifestation, with or without fever. Most of them are generalized or focal tonic-clonic or clonic seizures, and may appear as persistent status epilepticus; 3, involving frontal lobe base and temporal lobe limbic system lesions: the main manifestations are mental-emotional abnormalities, such as mania, hallucinations, aphasia, and disorientation, calculation and memory impairment, etc. Treatment: First, general treatment: closely observe the changes of the disease, pay attention to rest, strengthen care, ensure nutrition supply, and maintain water-electrolyte balance. Anti-viral treatment: Acyclovir treatment is preferred for pediatric viral encephalitis whose etiology is not yet clear, and should be given for 10-14 days by intravenous infusion. Symptomatic treatment: 1, control cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension: first of all, to limit the amount of fluid intake, and then follow the doctor’s orders to be given intravenous dehydration agents, can also be added as appropriate glucocorticoids; 2, anti-spasmodic: appropriate to be given antispasmodic, such as treatment is ineffective to give muscle relaxants; 3, cooling: can be given physical cooling, such as warm water bath, can also follow the doctor’s orders to apply anti-inflammatory drugs. Prognosis: Most patients can recover in 2-3 weeks, but those with severe disease, long coma or diffuse lesions in the whole brain often have a poor prognosis and may be left with convulsions, intellectual, motor, psycho-behavioral, visual or hearing disabilities.