1. Ankle dorsiflexion exercises Patients lie on their backs, knees straightened, the back of the foot lifted so that the ankle angle is less than 90 degrees hold for 5 seconds, then reverse direction, so that the bottom of the foot is close to the bed, hold for 5 seconds, full ankle rotation for 5 seconds, for a complete set of movements. It can be done after awakening from anesthesia after surgery, 20 times per set, 1-2 sets within 6 hours after surgery, 3-4 sets/day from the first day after surgery. 2.Straight leg raising exercise Patients lie on their backs with knees straight, feet dorsiflexed and lower limbs lifted off the bed. This exercise can be performed on the first postoperative day, starting from 30° for the first time, holding time gradually increasing from 3-5 seconds, as long as it is tolerated. 10-15 times per group, both legs in turn, 2-3 groups/day. 3.Five-point support method This exercise should be carried out according to the doctor’s prescription 1 week after hemilaryngectomy, 3-4 weeks after total laminectomy, 6-8 weeks after bone graft fusion This functional exercise should be carried out with the patient in supine position, bending the elbow and extending the shoulder, bending the knee and extending the hip, while contracting the spinal extensor muscles, with the feet, elbows and head as the five points of support, so that the waist leaves the bed, hold for 3-5 seconds, as long as tolerated, dozens of times a day. 4, three-point support method after 1-2 weeks of practice five-point support method to three-point support method Patients lying supine with elbows flexed against the chest, with the feet and head pillow as three pivot points, so that the whole body out of bed, hold 3-5 seconds, as long as tolerated, adhere to dozens of times a day, at least 4-6 weeks. 5.Flying swallow method The patient is lying prone with the head tilted to the side. The neck is stretched backwards, lift the chest off the bed with slight force, extend both upper limbs behind, straighten both knees, lift both legs from the bed, take the abdomen as the fulcrum, cock the body up and down, hold for 3-5 seconds, as long as tolerated, 3-4 times a day. 6.Axis turning This action should be performed with the assistance of nurse/family The patient is in supine position with hands bent at the elbows against the chest and the opposite leg bent at the knees, the nurse holds the patient’s shoulders and hips with both hands and turns the patient to a lateral position, facing the nurse, with the triangle pad on the patient’s back, at an angle of no more than 60 degrees. The lower leg is slightly bent at the knee, the upper leg is bent at the hip and knee, and a soft pillow is held between the two knees. 7.Wearing lumbar girth Axial turn into side lying position, choose the lumbar girth corresponding to the patient’s body shape, up to the lower edge of the upper rib arch, down to the iliac spine, elasticity to fit 1-2 fingers is appropriate. Note: The patient should not wear the lumbar girth in the horizontal position. 8.Rising from bed training Practice rising from bed while wearing a lumbar girth. The patient should turn over to the side position with legs hanging down, and the nurse should assist the patient to support the upper body with the elbow joint and palm as the fulcrum, sit and stand beside the bed, look straight ahead, and hold for 30 seconds. When standing, the legs are separated by shoulder width and the hands can hold fixed objects. Walk with correct posture, head up, chest up and abdomen in.