There are three main types of surgical treatment for pulmonary embolism: median sternotomy with extracorporeal circulation for pulmonary artery thrombectomy, percutaneous catheter intervention for pulmonary artery thrombus fragmentation, and inferior vena cava filter placement, and different surgical treatments are generally sampled according to the type of pulmonary artery embolism and the specific condition of the patient. 1. Sternal median incision under extracorporeal circulation pulmonary artery thrombus endothelial stripping or lung transplantation: applicable to both sides of the pulmonary artery embolism and embolism involved in the main pulmonary artery, or there is a contraindication to thrombolysis, as well as medical treatment is ineffective, and other emergencies. However, the procedure is traumatic, requires high technical conditions, has a higher risk of surgery, and has a higher mortality rate. 2. Percutaneous catheter intervention of pulmonary artery thrombus fragmentation: applicable to acute massive pulmonary embolism, especially in patients with unstable hemodynamics, or when there is a contraindication to thrombolysis and anticoagulation or when thrombolysis and anticoagulation are ineffective, and the surgery is less traumatic. 3. Venous filter placement: for patients with recurrent arterial pulmonary embolism after sufficiently intense anticoagulation therapy, usually implanted for a short period of time. What kinds of surgical treatment of pulmonary embolism, it is recommended to the hospital thoracic surgery department for further diagnosis and treatment.