The content of the abdominal ultrasound report mainly includes what is seen by the ultrasound (what the doctor can observe during the ultrasound examination) and diagnostic opinions. Common findings of abdominal ultrasound 1. Abnormal liver (1) Abnormal liver edge and contour: ultrasound shows enlarged liver, increased liver meridian and other signs, mostly seen in hepatitis, fatty liver and liver stasis; limited elevation of liver surface, mostly seen in liver tumor; shrinking of right lobe of liver, compensatory enlargement of left lobe and caudate lobe, late atrophy of both lobes, thickening and unevenness of liver surface, and in severe cases, bumpy and wavy, mostly seen in cirrhosis; ( (2) Intrahepatic echogenic abnormalities: diffuse hepatic lesions, echogenic enhancement in the liver parenchyma with fine dots and attenuated posterior hepatic echogenicity, commonly seen in fatty liver; focal hepatic lesions, hypoechoic, isoechoic, hyperechoic or mixed echogenicity, hypoechoic in liver cysts, liver abscesses, liver cancer, strong echogenicity or hypoechoic in hepatic hemangioma; (3) Intrahepatic duct changes: in fatty liver or cirrhosis (3) Intrahepatic ductal changes: in fatty liver or cirrhosis, the number of ducts in the liver decreases; liver stasis can be seen as dilated hepatic veins and inferior vena cava; liver tumors can compress intrahepatic ducts and make them displaced or obstructed. (1) Gallbladder abnormalities (1) Gallbladder enlargement: significant stretching of the gallbladder wall, disappearance of the body and neck folds of the gallbladder, mostly considered as increased biliary pressure; (2) Gallbladder wall abnormalities: hypertrophy of the gallbladder wall over 3 mm, band-like hypoechoic in the center of the hypertrophied gallbladder wall, forming a three-layer structure, mostly due to gallbladder edema; comet-like echogenicity, ice-like echogenicity of the gallbladder wall, mostly suggesting stones in the wall; cystic small round echogenicity, mostly due to adenomyoma of the gallbladder. (3) abnormalities of the internal cavity of the gallbladder: disc-shaped echogenicity, manifesting as crescent-shaped strong echogenicity, common in gallbladder polyps, gallbladder cancer, etc.; papillary echogenicity, manifesting as sang-froid-like elevated echogenicity, common in cholesterol stones, gallbladder polyps, etc.; nodular elevation, manifesting as nodular echogenicity It is common in cholestasis and gallbladder cancer; debris echogenicity, often deposited at the bottom of gallbladder and moving with body position, common in gallbladder sediment-like stones and cholecystitis; blurred internal cavity of gallbladder, the operator cannot see the internal cavity of gallbladder, common in invasive gallbladder cancer or cholecystitis. (1) Pancreatic abnormalities (1) Pancreatic size: diffuse enlargement can be seen in acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, diffuse pancreatic cancer, etc.; limited enlargement can be seen in benign and malignant tumors of the pancreas, pancreatic cysts, acute pancreatitis, etc.; pancreatic shrinkage can be seen in the elderly pancreas, chronic pancreatitis, ectopic pancreas, etc. (2) Pancreatic contour: regular contour can be seen in acute pancreatitis; wavy and uneven surface can be seen in chronic pancreatitis, etc.; localized bulging with abnormal morphology can be seen in benign and malignant pancreatic tumors and inflammatory pseudotumors formed in chronic pancreatitis, etc. (4) pancreatic duct dilatation: homogeneous or uneven dilatation, pancreatic duct penetrating through the pancreatic ducts. (1) Diffuse splenomegaly: the spleen is diffusely enlarged, with an enlarged diameter and a full form. In the early stage, the echogenicity of the spleen parenchyma is indistinguishable from that of a normal spleen, and in the later stage, the echogenicity of the spleen parenchyma can be manifested as a thickening of the light spot and enhanced echogenicity. (3) splenic tumor: round, clear border, hyperechoic, with uniform internal echogenicity or honeycomb shape, which can be considered as spongy hemangioma; single or multiple scattered, well-defined round hypoechoic nodules or masses in the splenic parenchyma, multiple lesions may fuse with each other and may appear as maple leaf-shaped masses, with linear hyperechoic bands separating the lesions, which can be considered as intrasplenic nodules or masses (4) splenic abscess: the spleen is round or oval with irregular margins, thick walls, uneven internal echogenicity, visible anechoic areas, enhanced posterior echogenicity, and abundant blood flow signal in the abscess wall; (5) splenic infarction: there is no blood flow signal in the infarcted area, and the splenic portal artery flow resistance index may be increased when the infarction is extensive; (6) splenic cyst: the cyst wall is thin, well-defined, with clear internal liquid dark areas and good acoustic transmission; ( Hematoma. Common Diseases Doctor’s Advice 1. Cirrhosis It is recommended to find out the cause of cirrhosis, most commonly viral hepatitis B, viral hepatitis C, alcoholic liver injury, drug-related liver injury, immune liver injury, etc., and choose appropriate treatment according to the cause, and consult the relevant departments if necessary. In general, patients with hepatitis can choose antiviral or improve liver function treatment, such as avoiding liver-damaging drugs, removing or alleviating the cause, maintaining enteral nutrition, and protecting liver cells. Some patients with cirrhosis can gradually evolve into liver ascites and liver failure, which need to be reviewed regularly for early detection and related intervention. 2.Fatty liver It is recommended that patients actively improve their lifestyle, exercise more and reduce dietary energy to reduce the weight burden, and if combined with other diseases, such as hyperlipidemia, they can take lipid-lowering drugs as prescribed by the doctor. 3.Gallbladder stones For most gallbladder stones without complications, the patient should be observed and treated promptly after symptoms appear. For patients with recurrent acute cholecystitis with gallbladder stones, timely cholecystectomy is recommended. For some patients with gallbladder stones, if they are in remission from cholecystitis and have 3-5 gallbladder stones or normal gallbladder wall, they can choose biliary stone removal treatment, but some patients may have recurrence, which needs attention. 4.Gallbladder cancer If there is no distant metastasis, surgical resection is preferred. If the tumor is limited to carcinoma in situ, patients can obtain radical treatment. 5.Acute pancreatitis Treatment is to actively control inflammation, find and remove the cause (the most common cause is biliary pancreatitis, which requires ultrasound or magnetic resonance examination to exclude biliary stones) to prevent recurrent attacks or aggravate the inflammatory response, increasing the incidence of complications and mortality. 6, spleen abscess In addition to antibiotic treatment, if the spleen has adhered to the abdominal wall, puncture and pus aspiration or tube drainage can be performed under ultrasound guidance, or resection treatment is also feasible.