With the improvement of living conditions, it has become the pursuit of the majority of beauty lovers to seek for fine, smooth, beautiful and healthy skin. However, due to various factors such as heredity, endocrine, metabolism, tumor, drugs and inflammation, pigmentation spots have crept onto people’s facial skin and become the biggest problem in the pursuit of beauty.
What should be done about facial pigmentation
First of all, you should go to the dermatology department of the hospital to see a doctor to get a clear diagnosis of pigmentation spots and figure out what kind of problems your pigmentation spots are, and then make a reasonable treatment plan for your problems under the guidance of a physician, and adhere to the treatment will definitely have a satisfactory treatment effect. Generally speaking, a clear diagnosis + a reasonable treatment plan + the necessary treatment course will definitely have a very good treatment effect.
Freckles
Freckles are light brown or dark brown pigmented spots commonly found on the face, especially on the nose and cheeks. It is an autosomal dominant disorder that appears mostly at an early age, and the rash is aggravated around puberty. Freckles are mostly seen in females and are round, oval or irregular in shape, generally less than 5px in diameter, with smooth surface and clear demarcation, and deepen in color and increase in number after sun exposure. Therefore, it is often aggravated in spring and summer and reduced in autumn and winter, and there are no conscious symptoms.
Treatment: Intense pulse light treatment can be chosen, generally 1 to 3 times, once every 3 to 4 weeks. Q-adjustable nd:YAG is also available.
532nm laser treatment, generally 1 to 2 times can completely remove, the treatment interval is three months, avoid ultraviolet radiation after treatment, individual spots have a tendency to recur after sun exposure.
Melasma
Melasma is a pigmented hyperplastic skin disease commonly found in young and middle-aged women. The etiology is still unknown and may be related to pregnancy, oral contraceptives, drugs, cosmetics, genetics, trace elements, liver diseases and ultraviolet rays. Its main manifestation is the appearance of pigmented spots of varying sizes and shapes on the facial skin. The color is mostly light brown, yellowish brown, but also coffee or light black. They are usually symmetrically distributed around the eyes, forehead, cheeks, nose and lips, butterfly-shaped, with clear borders, smooth surface skin, no pain or itch, and no flakes. The color deepens after ultraviolet radiation in summer and decreases in winter.
Treatment: Q-switched 1064nm laser treatment can be used, and the parameters are preferable to choose the treatment method with large spot and low energy, once a week or once a fortnight, and the treatment method with larger energy once a month can also be chosen for more serious cases, and intense pulsed light is also effective for epidermal type of melasma. Combining the above two treatment methods has good clinical effect. Oral tranexamic acid is also taken to inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, thus reducing the production of melanin.
Heliochromia
Although this pigmentation looks similar to freckles, unlike freckles, the face of sunspots looks more like a “dirty” face and may be accompanied by other problems such as sagging and dry skin.
Treatment: Photorejuvenation and the latest E light technology are ideal treatment options with excellent results, but of course Q-switched frequency doubling Nd:
YAG or emerald laser treatment also has good therapeutic effect. Among the medications, topical application of L-vitamin C and retinoic acid cream is also very effective for photoaging sunspots, but long-term use is necessary.
Freckle-like nevus
Freckle-like nevus appears as a brown spot-like lesion very similar to freckles, but the distribution is very different from freckles, mostly in a limited patchy distribution.
Treatment: It can be treated with Q-switched laser, but there is some recurrence, and medication is usually ineffective.
Brownish Cyanosis
It is also called temporo-zygomatic brown-cyanosis. It is a rash formed by several brown or dark brown spots clustered in a group and symmetrically distributed on the zygomatic or temporo-zygomatic area. As the disease progresses, the color and size of the rash gradually deepen and worsen. The cause of this disease is complex and may be related to genetics. It may also be related to bad cosmetics (such as heavy metal lead, mercury, arsenic, etc.). It may also be related to gynecological diseases, ovarian dysfunction and mental factors.
Treatment: Mostly Q-switched 1064nm laser treatment is used. Generally 4 to 6 times, each time at an interval of 6 to 9 months. After treatment, the pigmentation will deepen in 1~2 months and gradually fade in 3~6 months. After repeated laser treatments, most patients can achieve complete removal.
Nevus of Ota
It is a greenish-brown patchy damage to the facial skin that affects the sclera and is innervated by the trigeminal nerve. It is also known as a brownish-brown nevus on the palate of the eye. The cause of this disease is unknown and may be due to autosomal dominant inheritance. The lesions are pale cyan, gray-basket, brown-blue to blue-black or yellow-brown patches or dense spots, and the edges of the patches often fade. The most common sites of involvement are the periorbital area, frontal area, forehead, zygomatic area, temporal area and nasal flank, i.e. the area corresponding to the distribution of the first and second branches of the trigeminal nerve, with unilateral distribution or occasionally bilateral. About two-thirds of patients have ipsilateral scleral blue staining.
Treatment: Q-switched Nd.YAG 1064nm laser or 755nm emerald laser is mostly used, and 694nm ruby laser can also be used. Pulse width 7~100ns, energy density 5~8J/cm2, generally 3~6 times of treatment, once every 3~6 months, can finally obtain the purpose of complete cure.
Coffee spot
It is a hereditary skin disease. It is light brown to dark brown spots or patches, like the mixed color of coffee and milk, so it is also called milk coffee spots. It is similar to freckle-like spots to 500px or larger, round, oval or irregular shape, clear boundary, smooth surface, may appear at birth or later after birth, and increase throughout childhood, may occur in any part of the body, does not fade on its own, more than 90% of neurofibroma patients have coffee spots.
Treatment: Q532nm laser is used, usually 1 to 5 times with 3 to 6 months interval each time. The effect is highly variable, with some cases having good results and no recurrence, and no factors directly related to the treatment effect have been found. Surgical excision is possible when necessary.
Age spots
Medically known as seborrheic keratosis. It is the most common benign epidermal proliferative tumor in the elderly, and its etiology is unknown. It may be related to sun exposure and chronic inflammatory irritation. If it occurs on the face, back of hands, chest and back, it starts as one or more yellowish or light brown flat papules, round. They are oval or irregular in shape, well-defined and have a granular surface. It slowly increases in size, thickens, increases in number, and darkens to brown, or even black papules or plaques.
Treatment: Super pulse CO2 laser and Q532 treatment can be used to get rid of it once. If it is dotted and scattered, it can be treated by photon, and the method is the same as the treatment of freckles.
Pigmentation spots
Most of them occur after local physical stimulation, such as trauma, laser, freezing, topical medication or acne treatment, mosquito bites, local flea scratches, etc. The pigmentation is mostly light brown, purple-brown to dark black. Generally, the pigmentation can fade on its own in a few weeks to a few months, but there are also those who do not fade for several years.
Treatment: Intense light and photorejuvenation treatment can be used 1 to 5 times to achieve the purpose of pigmentation subsidence. Q-switched 1064 nm 532 nm laser treatment can also be used, generally 2 to 5 times can also be removed.