Facial pigmentation is the biggest enemy of a woman’s skin. The beautiful skin that was once proud of when she was young will gradually develop various aging symptoms as the years go by, among which pigmentation is the most common and complicated. Compared with Caucasians, Asian skin has a higher chance of occurrence of facial pigmentation due to the later appearance of skin wrinkles but more obvious photochemical damage. The key to the treatment of various facial pigmentation is to distinguish the various pigmentation and choose the appropriate treatment method, as inappropriate treatment will aggravate the pigmentation. We often see some serious skin disorders caused by mistreatment, and even irreversible pigmentation and hyperpigmentation. So how to distinguish various pigmentation? 1. Congenital pigmentation, commonly known as birthmark, mainly includes nevus of Ota and coffee spot. Nevus of Ota is a blue-brown patchy lesion occurring on the skin of the face, which is more common in women and is a greenish gray or gray-black patch, mostly present at birth, and a few people develop it within 20 years old, and laser has become the preferred treatment for Nevus of Ota with good effect. Coffee spots are coffee-colored and the boundaries of the spots are well-defined. This birthmark can appear on any part of the body. It can be treated by laser at present, but the effect is not certain and there is a possibility of recurrence. Large lesions are better to be treated experimentally first. The most common ones are freckles, solar pigmentation and age spots, followed by chloasma and brown spots. Freckles mostly occur on exposed parts of the face and are aggravated after sun exposure, and are light or dark brown pigment spots, usually 1-2 mm in size. 2, freckles can be treated by laser, the effect is very good, lighter lesions can also receive photorejuvenation treatment can also get better results. Sunlight pigmentation is caused by the damage to skin caused by ultraviolet rays in sunlight. It is a brown isolated discoloration of different sizes and shades on the face, generally not more than 1.5-2cm in diameter, but also as scattered small discoloration, the surface of the discoloration is smooth and not higher than the skin surface, the laser treatment is effective, for scattered small discoloration, photorejuvenation treatment is also very effective. Most of them occur after the age of 35, with one or several scattered rashes on the face, neck, neck, trunk and other parts of the body, which are slightly higher than the skin surface, flat, slightly rough, with greasy scales, lusterless, yellowish brown or grayish black. It can be treated by laser without leaving scar and with good effect. 4.Brownish melasma is mainly manifested as symmetrically distributed gray-black spot on the cheek, with relatively clear boundary and melanin located in the dermis, similar to nevus of Ota, and the effect of laser treatment is better. Melasma is the most difficult skin discoloration to treat, with yellow-brown or brown-black patches on the face, also called “butterfly spots” according to its shape. Most of the spots occur in middle-aged and young women, commonly after pregnancy or with female reproductive system disorders or the use of certain contraceptive pills, or with liver disease, thyroid disease, tuberculosis and so on. The lesions are light brown to brownish-black patches of varying shades and sizes, with clear boundaries with normal skin and no itching or pain. They are distributed on the cheeks, cheeks, forehead, nose, around the orbits, chin, etc., with relative symmetry, and the color does not fade when pressed. The disease lasts long, develops slowly and worsens after sun exposure. 5.The formation of melasma is caused by endocrine disorder, aging function and external wind and sunshine, radiation erosion. At present, we mainly use non-ablative laser treatment to reduce the pigmentation, but also need to cooperate with Chinese medicine and lifestyle adjustment. The above are some common congenital and acquired facial pigmentation, but clinically, there are many pigmentations that have been onset for a long time, and with the long-term treatment and application of various skin care products, the pigmentation becomes atypical, and the diagnosis and treatment are more complicated. Since the occurrence of acquired pigmentation is more or less related to sun damage, sun protection is the key to prevent the occurrence of various pigmentation, and if pigmentation has already occurred, it should be treated as early as possible, but it must be treated with caution and regular medical institutions should be chosen to avoid aggravating the disease and even causing irreversible damage.