Etiology It is currently considered to be a polygenic genetic disease that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The prevalence of asthma is higher in relatives than in the population, and the closer the relatives, the higher the prevalence. There are many predisposing factors, such as inhalation of dust mites, pollen, fungi, animal hair or excrement, sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, ethylenediamine, penicillin, formaldehyde, formic acid, etc.; infections; consumption of fish, shrimp, crab, eggs, milk, etc.; climate change; emotional excitement, nervousness, anger; exercise; some drugs such as benzoin and aspirin can also cause asthma attacks; menstruation and pregnancy also have an effect on asthma. There are also effects of menstruation and pregnancy on asthma. Symptoms In typical bronchial asthma, there are aura symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, cough, chest tightness, etc. before the attack. In most cases, however, asthma can be relieved by itself or after treatment with wheezing medications. In some patients, remission may be followed by a relapse after a few hours, and may even lead to a persistent state of asthma. In addition, there are atypical presentations of asthma in clinical practice. For example, in cough variant asthma, the patient has had cough without obvious triggers for more than 2 months, with frequent attacks at night and in the early hours of the morning, with exacerbation triggered by exercise, cold air, etc. There is hyperresponsiveness in airway reactivity measurements, ineffective treatment with antibiotics or cough suppressants or expectorants, and effective treatment with bronchial antispasmodics or corticosteroids, provided that other diseases causing the cough are excluded. Treatment Exposure to various allergens, occupational sensitizers and other non-specific irritants should be avoided. Bronchodilators such as beta2 agonists, methylxanthines and anticholinergics should be inhaled as needed once the cough develops, and surface hormones should be inhaled on time. In severe cases, hospitalization, oxygen, sputum, intravenous rehydration to dilute sputum, nebulized inhalation of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide solution, intravenous aminophylline, antibiotics, glucocorticoids, correction of acid-base balance disorders, and tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation if necessary are required. Prevention Develop a medication plan for long-term management of asthma. Properly monitor the condition using peak flowmeters, achieve stepwise treatment according to the degree of the condition, individualize medication and it should be adjusted at any time, apply bronchodilators such as β2 agonists, methylxanthines and anticholinergics as needed, and use inhaled surface hormones on time. Special note: Patients with a family history of asthma and asthma should avoid decorating houses, keeping pets and flowers!