Patients with femoral neck fracture often have mild hip flexion and knee flexion and external rotation deformity. Neck of femur fracture often occurs in the elderly, as people live longer, its incidence is increasing, with 50-70 years old people as the most common. So how can it be effectively prevented and treated? There are no effective preventive measures for this disease, and the prevention of this disease focuses on preventing the occurrence of complications. The main thing is to advocate early non-invasive repositioning. Follow the early non-invasive anatomical repositioning, choose reasonable and effective internal fixation devices and methods, reduce the local blood supply damage to improve blood perfusion to promote early healing of the fracture, restore and establish blood vessels across the fracture line to quickly participate in the repair of necrotic bone, to avoid the occurrence of femoral head necrosis. Before choosing the treatment method, first of all, we should know the general condition of the injured person, especially the elderly should pay attention to the comprehensive examination, blood pressure, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys and other major organs function, combined with the fracture comprehensive consideration. Neck of femur fracture healing is slow, on average, it takes 5 to 6 months, and the fracture non-union rate is high, on average, about 15%. Factors affecting fracture healing are related to age, fracture site, fracture type, degree of fracture and displacement, quality of reduction and strength of internal fixation. Treatment 1.External fixation Applicable to abduction type and intermediate type fracture, generally use the affected limb traction or anti-foot externally rotating shoes for 8 to 12 weeks, to prevent the affected limb from external rotation and internal retraction, it takes about 3 to 4 months to heal, and rarely occurs non-healing or necrosis of the femoral head. However, there is a possibility of dislocation of the fracture in the early stage, so some people advocate the use of internal fixation as appropriate. As for external fixation with plaster, it is seldom used and limited to smaller children. Internal fixation has the widest range of indications. It is suitable for most of the internalized fractures. Generally, it takes about 4 to 6 months to heal, and the fracture should be observed until five years after the operation, so as to facilitate the early detection of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head. 2.Internal fixation At present, hospitals with conditions in the cooperation of television X-ray machine, using closed reduction internal fixation, if there is no X-ray equipment, can also be used to open reduction internal fixation. Before internal fixation, manipulation is performed first, and then internal fixation is performed after confirming the anatomical restoration of the fracture. There are many forms of internal fixation, summarized in the following types: ① Smith-Petersen three-edged nail internal fixation: since 1929, Smith-Petersen first created the use of three-edged nails, so that the efficacy of the neck of the femur fracture significantly improved, and is still one of the commonly used internal fixation methods. ②Sliding internal fixation: there are various types of compression nails or pins. The compression nail or pin can slide in the sleeve, when there is absorption on both sides of the fracture line, the nail slides into the sleeve to shorten in order to keep the fracture end in close contact, and the early weight-bearing is more conducive to the insertion of the fracture end. ③ Compression type internal fixation: this kind of internal fixation with compression device, can make the fracture end embedded with each other to facilitate healing. Commonly used are Charnley compression screw with spring and Siffert screw bolt (CorkscrewBolt). ④Multiple pins (or nails) internal fixation: according to the bone structure of the upper end of the femur and biomechanical principles of insertion of 2 to 4 screws or steel nails, not only secure fixation, but also can reduce the damage to the femoral head. Such as Moore or Hagia pins. In short, there are various forms of internal fixation. 3, internal fixation and bone grafting For more difficult healing or old fractures, in order to promote healing, bone grafting at the same time in the internal fixation, bone grafting method has two kinds: ① free bone grafting: such as take fibula or tibia inserted into the femoral head under the big rotor, or fill the bone defect with cancellous bone and so on. ② Bone grafting with tibia: the more commonly used is suture muscle tibia flap bone grafting. With the progress of microsurgical technology, bone grafting with vascularization has been carried out. For example, the bone grafting with the bone flap of the deep iliac artery. 4, Osteotomy For more difficult to heal or some old fractures can be selected to implement osteotomy, such as inter-rotor osteotomy or subrotor osteotomy. Osteotomy has the advantages of easy operation, less shortening of the affected limb, favorable to fracture healing and functional recovery. 5. Artificial joint replacement is suitable for subcapital femoral neck fracture in the elderly. Old femoral neck fracture, fracture non-union, or ischemic necrosis of femoral head, if the lesion is limited to the head or neck, femoral head replacement is feasible, if the lesion has damaged the acetabulum, total hip replacement is required. At present, the less commonly used types of artificial hip joints are cobalt alloy pearl surface artificial femoral head, nitrogen injected titanium alloy microporous surface artificial femoral head, double-action center lock ring artificial femoral head, etc., and the acetabular damage is replaced with polymer polyethylene artificial socket, and the clinical application has achieved better results.