Chemical structure of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): a glycoprotein, consisting of two subunit peptide chains, a and b, bound by covalent bonds. It is a hormone secreted by basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary gland and is composed of glycoproteins. Its main action is to promote follicle maturation. Human follicle stimulating hormone promotes the proliferation and differentiation of cells in the granular layer of the follicle and the growth of the entire ovary. It acts on the testicular varicocele to promote sperm formation. FSH injections only increase the number of follicles and have no effect on follicle maturation. Follicle-releasing hormone secreted by the hypothalamus controls the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone. During the menstrual cycle, the concentration of FSH in the blood and the amount of FSH excreted daily by urine vary with the cycle. After menopause, the amount of FSH excreted in blood and urine increases. a rapid rise in FSH values may be associated with ovarian failure. The following diseases are also causes of increased follicle stimulating hormone (fsh): 1. ovarian functional abnormalities syndrome Ovarian functional abnormalities syndrome (OFS) is a disorder of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis due to decreased follicular maturation and secretion of steroid hormones, resulting in an absence of menstruation, excessive menstruation This is due to the dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, resulting in an absence of menstruation, excessive menstruation, menstrual irregularities, genital insufficiency, etc. 2.Primary ovarian carcinoid syndrome Primary ovarian carcinoid syndrome refers to primary carcinoid tumor in the ovary, which is a special tumor originating from neuroendocrine cells, also known as pheochromocytoma, because some of the endocrine substances, including 5-HT, histamine, dopamine, kinin, prostaglandin E, P, F substance, growth inhibitor, insulin, endorphin, enkephalin, ghrelin, and rarely, gastrin. Gastrin, and rare adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), growth hormone, insulin, gastric inhibitory peptide, etc., acting on different organs of the body, so it can cause skin flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm, capillary dilation, heart damage and other syndromes, called POCS. 3, ovarian fibroma Ovarian fibroma is a more common benign tumor among ovarian interstitial tumors of the sex cords. It is a common benign tumor. It is often associated with ascites and occasionally pleural effusion, which are its characteristic manifestations. Most of the tumors are unilateral, but 4% to 10% are bilateral. It is round, kidney-shaped or lobulated nodular. The surface is smooth, the envelope is intact, solid, and the texture is hard. The cut surface is solid, with obvious woven structures, gray or pinkish white, occasionally with hemorrhage or cystic changes. 4.Ovarian tumor Ovarian tumor is a tumor that occurs on the ovary. It is one of the common tumors of female genitalia. Ovarian malignant tumor is also the tumor with the highest mortality rate among gynecological malignant tumors. Although great progress has been made in recent years in both basic research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of ovarian malignant tumors, unfortunately its 5-year survival rate is still not significantly improved.