Lymph nodes are important immune organs in the body and are also the pathway for the flow of lymph fluid back into the bloodstream. When an infection occurs in one part of the body and bacteria pass through the lymph nodes with the lymphatic fluid, it can cause enlargement and pain in the lymph node cluster accordingly. Bacterial and viral infections, primary tumors of lymphoid tissue, and metastases of malignant tumors can cause lymph node enlargement. The treatment of lymph node hyperplasia needs to be selective according to the nature of the hyperplasia and the cause of the hyperplasia. If the lymph node hyperplasia is small in size, small in number, and not growing rapidly, and there are no symptoms such as fever and pressure pain, no treatment is needed, and only the results need to be observed. However, if the growth of lymph node hyperplasia is rapid and excessive and accompanied by symptoms such as pressure and pain, fever, etc., systematic examination and treatment are required. For lymph node enlargement caused by acute and chronic inflammation due to viral and bacterial infections, anti-inflammatory and antiviral treatments such as penicillin, streptomycin and erythromycin can be administered. For lymph node enlargement induced by primary tumor of lymphatic tissue or metastasis of malignant tumor, the corresponding treatment plan should be selected according to the combination of the corresponding primary lesion site, nature and condition, usually based on surgery or radiotherapy. Lymph nodes are important immune organs of the body and play an important role in the body’s resistance to invasion by foreign pathogenic sources. Enlarged lymph nodes indicate the presence of inflammatory reactions or abnormal hyperplasia in the body or in the local area, and appropriate treatment measures should be taken according to the specific cause.