Mr. Zhang, 70, has a 20-year history of diabetes and currently takes insulin twice in the morning and evening. He takes biguanide glucose-lowering drugs regularly every day. Usually, he also controls his diet strictly and often feels a sense of hunger. One day in the middle of the night, Mr. Zhang suddenly became sweaty and dizzy and found that his blood sugar was only 2.3 mmol/L. His partner knew that he was hypoglycemic again and immediately made a glass of sugar water and took out soda crackers. Mr. Zhang felt more comfortable after eating the sugar water and cookies. However, when he got up in the morning, his fasting blood sugar was shocking: 9.2mmol/L! 1, eat more vegetables, eat less and more meals, to deal with hunger Many “sugar lovers” like Mr. Zhang, although they know the importance of diet therapy, but often blindly over-control diet, every day to live a starving day. In fact, under the premise of reasonable control of dietary intake, there are still ways to deal with hunger pangs. First of all, it is important to eat less and eat more. Taking Mr. Zhang, who is 170 cm tall and weighs 75 kg, as an example, we design a diet program: 75 grams of staple food, 1 egg and 1 cup of milk for breakfast; 100 grams of staple food, 75 grams to 100 grams of meat and 250 grams of fresh vegetables for lunch and dinner. Between the two meals, it is necessary to add meals appropriately. At 9 a.m., three or four sugar-free cookies can be consumed, and at 2 p.m., some small tomatoes or 100 grams~150 grams of fruits with low sugar content can be eaten. Since Mr. Zhang needs to inject insulin before dinner, he also needs to eat 75 grams of apples or grapefruit before bedtime. Appropriate increase in the number of meals can maintain the stability of blood sugar, but additional meals must pay special attention to “regular rationing, additional meals, not additional amount”. Secondly, you can choose some foods with high dietary fiber, such as potatoes (pay attention to exchange with the main food), green leafy vegetables, beans, etc.. Dietary fiber can slow down the absorption of sugar and fat in the intestine, improve dyslipidemia, increase the body’s sensitivity to insulin and increase satiety; at the same time, you can replace some of the fine rice and flour products with coarse grains; you can also choose vegetables with low calories and large volume, which can help increase satiety, such as winter melon, tomatoes, cucumbers, etc. Sugar lovers in the control of diet is best under the guidance of a nutritionist to avoid going into the wrong area. 2, the elderly “sugar lovers”: 10 pm beware of hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia is one of the common complications of diabetes. Pale face, sweating, anxiety, palpitations, etc. are typical symptoms of hypoglycemia, and in severe cases, even coma. The elderly, however, are prone to hypoglycemia at night or before meals due to the sluggish ability of insulin secretion, the peak going backward and the insensitive response to hypoglycemia. The general time appears at 6 o’clock in the evening and reaches the peak at 10 o’clock. So, how can we effectively prevent hypoglycemia from occurring? First, blood sugar needs to be closely monitored. Because there are also diabetic patients who can have asymptomatic hypoglycemia, relying on sensation or symptoms alone does not detect hypoglycemia in time. In the 2010 Chinese Diabetes Prevention and Control Guidelines, a blood glucose of ≤3.9 mmol/L in diabetic patients receiving medication is considered hypoglycemia. Second, it is important to avoid the occurrence of drug hypoglycemia. Insulin and sulfonylureas are easy to cause hypoglycemia for diabetic patients, especially those with combined liver and kidney insufficiency. In the course of treatment, insulin and sulfonylureas should be gradually increased, and avoid increasing the dosage too quickly. After the injection of insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs, meals should be eaten on time; excessive intensity of exercise should also be avoided during the medication phase. Again, diabetic hypoglycemia is also related to over-control of diet. Not eating on time, eating too little, and not adding meals when it is time to do so can all induce hypoglycemia. Therefore, diabetic patients must eat regularly and quantitatively, and need to reduce the dosage of medicine accordingly if they eat less; they need to take in extra carbohydrates before exercise (especially when the blood sugar is <5.6mmol/L before exercise); alcohol can inhibit the enzymes of gluconeogenesis leading to the occurrence of hypoglycemia, and sugar lovers should avoid drinking alcohol or drinking alcohol on an empty stomach. Finally, it should be reminded that "sugar lovers" should carry sweets, chocolates, desserts, cookies and other foods with them before going out, and they can also carry glucose solution to help themselves when they have hypoglycemic symptoms. Smoking, drinking coffee often and other habits that seriously affect blood sugar are best to quit. In addition, when sugar lovers go out, it is also better to hang a disease information card marked with the disease condition and the location of first aid items, so that others can give timely and correct help in case of emergency. If it does not relieve, it is necessary to send to the hospital urgently.