The treatment of esophageal cancer adopts a comprehensive treatment strategy including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine. Surgical resection of esophageal cancer can get the best curative effect, so surgery is the first choice of treatment for esophageal cancer. The prerequisites are that there is no distant metastasis of the tumor and the patient’s body can tolerate the trauma of surgery. Surgery includes resection of the tumor and reconstruction of the digestive tract. Chemotherapy can relieve the condition and inhibit the development of esophageal cancer that cannot be completely resected and cases with distant metastasis. Radiotherapy can improve the symptoms of dysphagia for those whose body cannot tolerate chemotherapy. Traditional Chinese medicine can be applied as auxiliary treatment.