Malignant tumor is a kind of common disease that seriously endangers human life and health, and there are two kinds of tumor treatment modes in China: Western medicine and Chinese medicine, and the combination of Chinese and Western medicine is a tumor treatment mode with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, scientific and fair evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of the two tumor treatment modes of Chinese and Western medicine and correct understanding of the theoretical basis of the combined treatment mode of Chinese and Western medicine are very important for the treatment of tumors and help to further improve the treatment effect of tumors. Theoretical basis: Tumor is a kind of “systemic” disease mainly based on “local mass lesion”, therefore, theoretically speaking, surgery to remove local mass can play the role of treating tumor and should be the main means of treating tumor. Clinical practice also proves these two points: for most tumors, surgery is often the main treatment at present; surgery can indeed cure some cases. Indications: Radical treatment of early, intermediate and limited tumors, palliative treatment of advanced tumors. Advantages and disadvantages: surgery is a mechanical means, local lesion treatment is complete, there is no problem of chemotherapy resistance, radiation resistance, etc.. The disadvantages are that it is more invasive, difficult to operate in some areas, and ineffective for subclinical metastases. Reasons for failure: local spread; potential metastasis; most tumors are a systemic disease and local treatment means have their limitations. Evaluation: The efficacy of surgery in treating tumors is more definite. For most cancers, if there is no contraindication to surgery, surgery should be chosen first, and then supplemented with other treatments. (2) Chemotherapy Rationale: Tumor is a kind of disease with abnormal cell proliferation and differentiation. Chemotherapeutic drugs have the functions of “cytotoxic” and promoting differentiation, which can kill tumor cells, inhibit the growth and reproduction of tumor cells and promote the differentiation of tumor cells, thus can treat or cure tumor. Indications: Intermediate and advanced tumors, metastatic tumors, subclinical metastases. Advantages and disadvantages: chemotherapy is a systemic treatment that has therapeutic effects on primary foci, metastases and subclinical metastases. The disadvantage is that the selectivity of chemotherapy drugs is poor, and while achieving therapeutic effect, different degrees of toxic side effects often occur; whether chemotherapy suppresses the immune function of patients depends on the biological behavior of the tumor, the type and time of the drug, etc. It cannot be generally assumed that chemotherapy can suppress immune function, and for many tumors, effective chemotherapy can also improve the immune function of patients by killing tumor cells. Reasons for failure: tumor cell resistance (primary and/or secondary resistance); primary kinetic killing, which cannot kill all tumor cells, and residual tumor cells often recur and metastasize; drugs cannot enter into the tumor tissue; low tumor growth ratio and many G0 stage cells. Evaluation: In recent years, with the emergence of new chemotherapeutic drugs and the continuous progress of chemotherapy, the effect of chemotherapy for many tumors has been significantly improved, and some tumors such as lymphoma and testicular tumors can be cured by chemotherapy, so chemotherapy, as a full-peak treatment, occupies an increasingly important position in the comprehensive treatment of cancer. It can be predicted that the final conquest of cancer by mankind is through internal medicine treatment. (3) Radiation therapy Rationale: Tumor cells have certain sensitivity to radiation, and radiotherapy, as an important means of cancer treatment, can produce better results for many cancers. Indications: Regional sensitive tumors. Advantages and disadvantages: for some tumors, the efficacy is more reliable and the toxicity is relatively small. Disadvantages: distant toxic reactions; dose-limiting toxicity. Causes of failure: radiation resistance (primary or secondary); spread and metastasis; subclinical metastases. Evaluation: Radiotherapy, as a local treatment, is mainly used for the control of local masses of cancer and has certain effect on many tumors, and occupies an important position in the comprehensive treatment of tumors. (4) Biological therapy Rationale: There is the possibility of genetic mutation and tumor occurrence in the body, but at the same time, there are mechanisms and immune ability to eliminate genetic mutation and tumor occurrence, and the development and spread of tumor is the result of the destruction of the dynamic balance between tumor and body defense. The purpose of biological therapy is to improve the anti-tumor immune ability of tumor patients, so as to treat and control tumors. Indications: Certain tumors related to immune function, such as hairy cell leukemia; tumor remnants, less than 106-107 cells; limited tumors. Advantages and disadvantages: systemic therapeutic tools. Disadvantage: most of the BRMs currently used have some toxic side effects. Reasons for failure: Immunogenicity of tumors is too low or lost; the causes and molecular mechanisms of reduced immune function in tumor patients are not clear, and most of the clinically tried treatments are of a blind nature. Evaluation: Except for a few tumors, the efficacy is not exact and basically in the experimental treatment stage. (5) Gene therapy Theoretical basis: Tumor is a kind of “polygenic disease”, and the basic pathogenesis is considered to be due to abnormal regulation of gene expression, abnormal secretion function of growth factors, abnormal signal transmission, and malignant proliferation of cells. Therefore, from the theoretical analysis, regulating the gene expression process of cells at the genetic level is a more ideal means and way to treat tumors, and in recent years, gene therapy has been used in the treatment of tumors. Indications: It has been tried in the experimental treatment of certain tumors, such as malignant melanoma, lung cancer, etc. Strengths and weaknesses: It remains to be concluded only with future observation. Evaluation: It is still in the experimental research stage, and the efficacy is not yet exact. 1.2 Chinese medicine treatment mode (1) Discriminatory treatment ① Support the righteousness and cultivate the root Theoretical basis: Chinese medicine theory believes that deficiency is an important cause and pathogenesis of tumor development, and deficiency of righteousness and weakness of qi and blood leads to dysfunction of internal organs, thus a series of pathological changes such as qi stagnation, blood stasis, dampness aggregation and phlegm nodulation, which eventually form tumor. Clinical practice also fully proves that Fu Zheng Pei Ben can relieve symptoms, improve the quality of survival, prolong the survival period, reduce the toxic side effects of radiotherapy, etc. For some tumors, it may have the effect of reducing the recurrence rate and improving the cure rate. Therefore, Fu Zheng Pei Ben is the characteristic and advantage of Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of tumors. Indications: It is mainly adapted to advanced tumors. Specific measures: nourishing Yin, tonifying Qi, nourishing Yang and nourishing Blood. ② Dispel evil Theoretical basis: TCM theory believes that external evil is a factor in the development of tumor. Due to long-term unclean diet, emotional and mental disorders, excessive strain and injury, etc., which cause imbalance of yin and yang of the body, dysfunction of internal organs, external evils take advantage of the deficiency and cause a series of pathological changes such as stagnation of qi, stasis of blood and agglomeration of evil toxins, which eventually form tumors. Therefore, eliminating evil is also a major treatment for tumors in Chinese medicine, which has better curative effect. Indications: Early stage tumors and patients with good constitution. Specific measures: clearing heat and detoxifying toxins, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, softening hard knots, resolving phlegm and dispelling dampness, attacking toxins with toxins, etc. Evaluation: Evidence is a kind of basic pathological process not yet recognized by Western medicine. Evidence-based treatment is the characteristic and advantage of Chinese medicine in treating diseases. Evidence-based treatment can play a role in treating tumors by adjusting the patient’s balance of yin and yang and improving the patient’s immunity, etc. Although the subjective efficacy of Chinese medicine evidence-based treatment is better, the objective efficacy is poorer, and the volume change of tumors is often not significant. (2) Disease identification treatment Theoretical basis: Modern medicine understands the disease process as “disease”, due to the development of modern medical diagnosis technology, tumors occurring in various parts of the body can be clearly diagnosed, which is the major advantage of modern medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Therefore, the principle of modern Chinese medicine in treating tumors is to use some Chinese herbs with certain anti-cancer effect to treat tumors on the basis of evidence-based treatment, and practice shows that the combination of evidence-based and disease-based treatment has better efficacy. 1.3 Comprehensive treatment mode Theoretical basis: Due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the development process of cancer, the pathogenesis of tumor is still unknown, and there is no special radical cure. Theoretically, it can improve the treatment effect of tumor and increase the cure rate and survival rate. Indications: Almost all tumors. Advantages and disadvantages: the efficacy is better and it is the preferred treatment mode at this stage. The disadvantage is that the common malignant tumors in China have a high degree of malignancy, and the long-term effect of comprehensive treatment is still not ideal. Reasons for failure: Insufficient understanding of biological behavior of tumor and lack of effective approach to individual prognosis evaluation; lack of effective treatment tools; improper selection of treatment plan. (1) Conventional treatment mode: surgery + postoperative chemotherapy, radiotherapy, biological treatment, TCM treatment; (2) Neoadjuvant treatment mode: chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy + surgery + chemotherapy, radiotherapy, biological treatment, TCM treatment; (3) radiotherapy + chemotherapy + biological treatment + TCM treatment. Evaluation: Integrated treatment is a better plan for tumor treatment at this stage and is the basic principle of most tumor treatment at present, but integrated treatment of tumor is a systematic project that requires close collaboration and cooperation of various disciplines to get it right. The meaning of comprehensive treatment is: according to the patient’s body condition, pathological type, invasion scope and development trend of tumor, the existing treatment means are applied in a planned and reasonable way, so as to maximize the cure rate and improve the survival quality of patients.