Minimally invasive surgery for cervical spondylosis is divided into the following three categories: 1) microscope-assisted posterior small-incision locking hole discectomy, which is similar to neuroendoscopic surgery and achieves the same effect, but the surgical trauma is slightly greater than neuroendoscopy; 2) minimally invasive surgery for anterior cervical approach, which is mainly performed under the microscope to maximize the decompression of the vertebral canal and the spinal cord and to protect the spinal cord, as well as the nerve roots, arterial vessels, and venous blood vessels in the vertebral canal. Minimally invasive surgery for cervical spondylosis should first clarify a concept. The most common and intuitive understanding of minimally invasive surgery is that the smaller the surgical incision, the more minimally invasive the surgery. In fact, the concept of modern minimally invasive surgery is to maximize the preservation of nerves, blood vessels, and the function of key tissues with the assistance of a microscope or neuroendoscope. Currently, most nerve root cervical spondylosis can be resolved by neuroendoscopy, which is a very minimally invasive surgical incision that provides optimal protection of the spinal cord, nerve roots, and blood vessels.