Otolithiasis, also known as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, is a peripheral vestibular disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of transient vertigo and characteristic nystagmus, which is closely related to changes in head position, often self-limiting, and prone to recurrence. Otoliths are mainly due to dislodgment of calcium carbonate particles from the elliptical cystic plaque into the semicircular canals.
It can be categorized as idiopathic or secondary according to the etiology. Idiopathic otolithiasis is when the exact cause is unknown. Secondary otolithiasis can be linked to a variety of conditions such as Meniere’s disease, sudden deafness, viral labyrinthitis, ischemia of the internal auditory canal arteries, migraines, head trauma, postoperative middle and inner ear surgery, chronic otitis media and cervical vertigo.
At present, the main means of treatment for otolithosis is manipulative repositioning (referring to the change of hand position and body position, which can make the dislodged otolith move in a specific direction, and eventually return to the elliptic capsule, completing the otolith displacement), and according to the type of vertigo of the patient to take the corresponding repositioning maneuver, which is easy to operate and feasible. Anti-vertigo medications such as cetirizine can also be added.
Therefore, if otoliths are found, it is recommended to consult a regular hospital in time.