Soreness and swelling of the spine may be caused by factors such as lumbar disc herniation, prolonged strain, and exposure to cold. 1. Herniated lumbar intervertebral disc: Herniated lumbar intervertebral disc is mainly due to degenerative changes in various parts of the lumbar intervertebral discs, which can lead to irritation or compression of the adjacent nerve roots under external factors, thus resulting in the sensation of lumbar spine soreness. 2. Long-term strain: prolonged labor, especially repeated bending over to pick up objects, will cause some damage to the soft tissues around the spine, so there will be soreness. 3. Cold: when the body is subjected to cold wind, lying on the ground, may cause local inflammation below the deep fascia, it will lead to soreness around the spine. Soreness of the spine may also have many reasons, it is recommended to go to the hospital for examination, to clarify the cause of the cause of the timely treatment of the cause.