As a member of the medical community, the most concerned about the health of the people, for the sake of our future blue sky, some issues we have to reflect on. Over the years, rely on the sky to cure the haze, we do not know. Some places are usually negligent supervision, until a serious pollution caused by haze, as long as the source of pollution can not be effectively controlled and cut, hazy weather is bound to recur, and even more and more intense. The causes of haze formation The causes of haze can be divided into two aspects, one is the source of pollution, one is the meteorological and topographical conditions. If we look at the formation of haze as a “chemical reaction”, the “reactants” are the various pollutants emitted by the pollution sources, and the meteorological and topographical conditions are the “reaction conditions”. The sources of PM2.5 in Beijing: 31.1% motor vehicles, 22.4% coal combustion, 18.1% industrial production, and more research results, the top four sources are motor vehicles, coal combustion, heavy industry and dust. Pollutant emissions are subjective causes, climate and terrain conditions are objective causes, we can not change the objective conditions, we can only work on the subjective factors, that is, to reduce the emission of pollutants. Haze to our harm 1, lung injury Haze days have the greatest impact on the respiratory system, which has become the consensus of most people. The respiratory system is most frequently in contact with the outside environment, and the contact area is large, hundreds of atmospheric particles can directly enter and adhere to the upper and lower respiratory tracts and lung lobes of the human body, and most will be inhaled by the body. Secondly, hazy weather leads to weakened ultraviolet light in the near-earth layer, which makes it easy to increase the activity of germs in the air, and fine particles can “carry” bacteria and viruses deep into the respiratory system, causing infections. The annual increase of lung cancer in Beijing is 2.42%, which is the fastest increase in the incidence of all tumors. Among them, Chaoyang District, Fengtai District and Shijingshan District have the highest incidence of lung cancer, which is in line with the regional pollution level, indicating that there is a correlation between haze and the incidence of lung cancer. Many people know that haze weather has a great impact on respiratory diseases, but they do not know that haze weather is even more “sad”. The Harvard School of Public Health has shown that particulate pollutants in hazy days can not only cause myocardial infarction, but also myocardial ischemia or damage. The U.S. surveyed 25,000 people with heart disease or a poor heart and found that a 10 microgram/m3 increase in PM2.5 increased the patient’s death rate by 10 to 27 percent. Heart disease patients will be aggravated in hazy days, such as heart failure when heart failure patients have difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, heart failure will be more serious. Therefore, when hazy weather, cardiovascular disease patients are best to wear cotton masks, and to immediately wash their faces and bare skin when they return from a trip. 3, injury to blood vessels haze days, air pollutants, low gas pressure, easy to induce acute attacks of cardiovascular disease. For example, when the fog is high, the water vapor content is very high, if people are outdoors and exercise, sweat is not easily discharged, causing people’s chest tightness and increased blood pressure. Moreover, the foggy weather pressure is relatively low, people will produce a feeling of irritability, blood pressure will naturally increase. In addition, foggy weather is often colder, some hypertension, coronary heart disease patients from the warm indoor suddenly walk to the cold outdoors, vascular heat expansion and cold contraction, can also make blood pressure rise, leading to stroke, myocardial infarction occurred. Therefore, when encountering hazy weather, the elderly and frail and cardiovascular disease people should reduce the time spent outdoors, in the diet to eat less stimulating food. 4, hurt skin Because the skin also has a breathing function, in clean air, the skin will be comfortable and moist, but if in a very dirty environment, the skin will be very uncomfortable. If you are in hazy weather for a long time, you can apply some protective cream, isolation cream and other things, and then wash off after work. And, it is also necessary to wash your face regularly. 5, brain injury Haze not only hurts organs, but also invisibly affects the nervous system. The 65th annual meeting of the American Geriatrics Society has a conclusion that an increase of 10 micrograms/m3 of PM2.5 in the air will lead to 3 years of aging of the human brain function. Children’s respiratory health is endangered by the haze. Children’s respiratory tract is less resistant to immunity compared to adults, and once the harmful toxic substances contained in the haze are inhaled by the child, it will stimulate his respiratory mucosa and cause various diseases of the respiratory system; in addition, along with the warm weather this winter, various bacteria and viruses are unusually active, and along with the respirable particles in the air into the lungs, it will also induce some related diseases, mainly respiratory tract infections and allergic diseases. The haze affects the vitamin D content and increases the likelihood of rickets Vitamin D plays an important role in the healthy growth of children. It can promote the absorption of calcium, if the lack of vitamin D, may lead to rickets; vitamin D is also conducive to the maturation of children’s immune system. The sun is a major way for children to get vitamin D, which helps convert substances in the skin into active vitamin D. Hazy weather shades out the sun, and children are not exposed to sunlight at all, which can affect the normal content of vitamin D in the body. Third, haze can make children tired and weak. Hazy days can affect the level of hormones in children’s bodies, and when the secretion of certain hormones that can keep them alive is reduced, parents may feel that their children are very tired, weak, inactive, and even have a poor appetite. What can we do to protect the environment? Pay attention to the air quality and take good health protection Take good health protection. In case of heavy polluted weather, citizens should respond to the emergency plans initiated by the people’s governments at all levels and take health protection measures. Reduce smoke and dust emissions and insist on low-carbon travel Citizens should reduce smoke and dust emissions. Do not burn garbage and straw at will, do not burn loose coal, set off less fireworks, and resist open-air barbecues. Open burning of asphalt, linoleum, rubber, leather, garbage, fallen leaves, weeds, straw and other wastes can produce toxic and harmful smoke and dust. The sulfur and ash content of coal is relatively high, not easy to fully combust, pollutant emissions are large; a large number of fireworks, open-air barbecue food smoke and dust generated will also aggravate air pollution. Adhere to low-carbon travel. Public transport priority, try to cooperate by car, walking or cycling, do not drive, take the exhaust emissions of substandard vehicles. It is understood that public transport such as buses, subways and trains carry a large number of passengers and emit less air pollutants per capita per kilometer. The state encourages the use of public transportation, cooperative car, environmentally friendly driving, or walking, bicycling and other green travel methods, both beneficial to health, energy saving, and reduce the emissions of motor vehicle pollutants generated during travel. Choose green consumption and develop power-saving habits Give priority to purchasing green products and not using heavy pollution, energy consumption and excessive packaging products. Be frugal, consume frugally, recycle goods and participate in garbage classification. Classify and place household waste according to regulations to reduce the harm caused to the environment in daily life. Choosing green products and recycling items can help reduce pollution and energy consumption in the production, distribution, consumption and treatment and disposal of products, and also help reduce the need for transportation, landfill or incineration needed to dispose of domestic waste, thus reducing air pollutant emissions from these processes. Moderate use of air conditioning, control the winter room temperature, the summer room temperature is not less than 26 degrees; timely power off electrical appliances to reduce standby power consumption. It is understood that China is a large coal producing country, but also a large coal consuming country. Power generation and heating are coal-fired, moderate use of air conditioning, turn off the power supply of unused appliances and other electricity-saving habits, means reducing coal, can indirectly reduce air pollutant emissions. Report pollution and build a beautiful China If you find pollution of the atmosphere or damage to the ecological environment, you can report it by calling 12369, the national hotline for environmental protection. Citizens build a beautiful China. Learn environmental protection knowledge, improve environmental awareness, participate in green public welfare activities, and build a beautiful home with blue sky, green land and clean water. The formation of the haze is the result of long-term accumulation, and must pay long-term hard work. As long as everyone in society consciously take action, starting from themselves, from the little things, from the small things around them, in the whole society to establish a “breathing together, struggling together” code of conduct, the convergence of millions of people’s actions, we can effectively improve air quality.