The decision to have surgery for thyroid disease is based on the patient’s condition. For some simple benign small nodules, including nodular goiter and cystic solid thyroid adenoma, this condition usually does not require surgery. For malignant lesions including single small nodules, thyroid cancer or undifferentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland must be operated, because only through surgery can we achieve radical treatment of thyroid cancer. There is another specific clinical category of diseases, including Hashimoto’s disease and subacute thyroiditis, which usually do not require surgery. However, in some cases of Hashimoto’s disease, due to diffuse enlargement and compression of the trachea, thyroid surgery is required, including partial removal of the thyroid gland or incision of the thyroid isthmus to reduce the compression of the trachea and alleviate postoperative symptoms. Therefore, whether the thyroid can be treated surgically depends on the specific condition.