Treatment options for hyperthyroidism include oral antithyroid medication, surgery and iodine 131 therapy. Iodine 131 therapy, also known as isotope therapy, is an effective method of treatment for hyperthyroidism that is currently recommended nationally and internationally. The main side effects of hyperthyroidism isotope therapy are as follows. i. Hypothyroidism, which easily occurs when the dose of iodine 131 is too high, requires long-term levothyroxine sodium replacement therapy. Second, hyperthyroidism is not cured. When the dose of iodine 131 is too small, hyperthyroidism may not be cured. Third, radioactive thyroiditis. Isotope treatment destroys thyroid follicular cells and releases a large amount of thyroid hormones for a short time, which may induce radioactive thyroiditis. Severe radioactive thyroiditis may induce thyroid crisis, and the high mortality rate of thyroid crisis requires active treatment. V. Isotope therapy for hyperthyroidism has little radiation. Short-term isolation from infants and children is needed after taking iodine 131. Isotope therapy does not increase the risk of blood diseases and malignant tumors.