The life expectancy of patients with polycystic liver cannot be judged and is closely related to the progress of polycystic liver lesions, whether they are treated aggressively and whether the treatment is effective. The slow progress of polycystic liver lesions and the small size of cysts, which did not cause compression, jaundice, etc., will have less impact on the patient’s life expectancy. If polycystic liver progresses quickly, with a large number and size of cysts, it may lead to cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, bile duct or liver tissue compression, etc., causing liver failure, which can cause the patient’s death. If polycystic liver is diagnosed early by ultrasonography, surgical treatments such as cyst aspiration, cyst opening, regular lobectomy or even liver living transplantation can protect liver function as much as possible and prolong the patient’s life cycle. Patients with a family history of polycystic liver should be seen early for examination and cyst progression should be monitored regularly by ultrasonography. Patients with large cysts should be treated with surgery, while patients with small, asymptomatic cysts should quit smoking and drinking and have a regular routine to protect liver function.