Pathologic jaundice does not usually have serious effects on infants through symptomatic and aggressive treatment. However, if the treatment is not timely, severe jaundice can lead to bilirubin encephalopathy and bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction. 1. Bilirubin encephalopathy: when infants develop pathological jaundice, the unconjugated bilirubin in the blood increases, which can pass the blood-brain barrier and have toxic effects on the central nervous system, resulting in dysfunction of the central nervous system and bilirubin encephalopathy, which has irreversible effects on the intelligence and movement of infants. 2. Bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction: bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction refers to hidden neurodevelopmental dysfunction caused by bilirubin that passes through the blood-brain barrier, which is manifested as mild cognitive abnormality, auditory neuropathy spectral disorder, or simple hearing impairment. When jaundice occurs in infants, parents should take them to the hospital in time to avoid aggravation of the condition and standardize the treatment under the guidance of the doctor.