The spleen is a substantial organ located deep in the left quadrant of the body. During childhood, it mainly functions as an immune organ. One of its main functions is to remove senescent cells including red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Some diseases can cause enlargement of the spleen (splenomegaly). Common diseases are post-hepatitis cirrhosis, schistosomiasis cirrhosis, and hematological diseases that can cause an enlarged spleen. What are the risks of an enlarged spleen? One danger is that the enlarged spleen has compression symptoms, such as compression of the stomach and intestines and abdominal fullness; another danger is that the spleen is a substantial organ with a tender texture, and after enlargement, it protrudes from the protection of the ribs and is prone to injury and rupture and hemorrhage; another danger is that the enlarged spleen also increases its clearance function, even exponentially, which is clinically known as hypersplenism (splenic hyperfunction). In this case, the spleen not only removes senescent cells, but also removes mature and even young cells, which makes the normal red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets decrease. The decrease in red blood cells causes anemia; the decrease in white blood cells leads to a decrease in the body’s resistance; and the decrease in platelets leads to blood clotting disorders and easy bleeding. The treatment methods for hypersplenism are roughly as follows: ① Medication: It cannot fundamentally solve the problem of hypersplenism. Some drugs can increase the production of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, but cannot diminish the clearance function of the spleen. ② Splenic artery embolization: After embolization of the splenic artery, the parenchyma of the spleen is necrotic, the spleen shrinks, and the function of the spleen is diminished. The disadvantage is that the reaction after embolization is large and it is not suitable for larger or huge spleens. ③ Splenectomy: Splenomegaly and hypersplenism are currently the most common and best treatment methods. ④Liver transplantation: suitable for those with advanced cirrhosis and hypersplenism.