How long a patient can live with splenomegaly depends on the degree of splenomegaly, the cause of splenomegaly, the presence of complications and the patient’s general condition, and other factors, and cannot be generalized. If the underlying disease is well controlled, splenomegaly can be stabilized or reduced, and patients can survive for a long time, some for decades. If the disease gradually worsens, with varying degrees of hypersplenism or even spleen rupture, untimely treatment can be life-threatening at any time. In the case of splenomegaly caused by malignant hematologic diseases, such as leukemia, patients can also survive for a long time after chemotherapy. In addition, splenomegaly can also be caused by portal hypertension, parasites, or spleen tumors, and if the disease progresses slowly, the patient can survive for a long time. The specific cause of splenomegaly needs to be clearly diagnosed in the general surgery department of a regular hospital for further intervention and treatment. Early detection and early treatment are necessary to receive good results.