1.What are the common causes of lower back pain? Although there are many diseases that cause lower back pain and the incidence of lower back pain is high, the causes of lower back pain are different for various different groups of people. (1) The causes of lower back pain are different for different ages. The common causes of lower back pain in children or teenagers are mainly congenital malformations, such as occult spina bifida; postural disorders, such as lumbar scoliosis; and inflammatory ones, such as lumbar tuberculosis, lumbar septic myelitis, etc. Qiao Jinlin, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Naval General Hospital The common causes of lower back pain in young adults are mainly injury-related, such as lumbar sprain, strain, lumbar disc herniation, lumbar compression fracture, etc. In addition, diseases of the immune system, such as ankylosing spondylitis, are also the more common causes of lower back pain in young adults. The common causes of lower back pain symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people are mainly degenerative changes, such as degenerative lumbar spine osteoarthropathy, which is manifested by bone lip formation at the edge of the vertebral body and the edge of the articular process, lumbar intervertebral disc narrowing and osteoporosis, etc., followed by possible tumors in the lumbosacral region. (2) The causes of lower back pain are different for different genders. Men generally have more lumbar movement in their daily work and activities, and once they have improper posture, excessive load and lack of protection, they can cause damage to soft tissues, bones and joints in the lumbosacral region, therefore, injury is more common in men with lower back pain. In women, due to the anatomical and victory characteristics, some female specific diseases are produced, such as uterine body inflammation, adnexitis, posterior tilt of the uterus, pelvic tumor, uterine prolapse, etc. These diseases can cause lower back pain. All these diseases can cause lower back pain. In addition, lower back pain can be caused during menstruation; during pregnancy, lower back pain can be caused because the load on the lumbar spine has changed greatly; after childbirth, lower back pain can be caused by improper exertion due to the change of endocrine secretion during upper birth and relaxation of bone joints. (3) The causes of lower back pain are different in different occupations. Physical workers, especially strong physical workers, athletes, warriors, etc., are often more common with injury-related factors. In addition to the posture of the lumbar region when driving, the lumbosacral region is subjected to long-term up and down vibration, and both factors act simultaneously to cause lumbar disc herniation. Long-term work in the mine, cold storage and other environments, wet moisture, cold attack is a common cause of lower back pain. This cause is also sometimes seen in the summer in the even air conditioning unit of the office work staff. Office workers can also have lower back pain due to weak lumbar muscles caused by long-term ambulation, little posture change, poor sitting posture, etc., which can easily be triggered by very minor external factors. Different patients with lower back pain can have different causes. The above list is only some of the more common causes among various groups of people, but not all-inclusive and enumerated one by one. Seeking to discover the cause of lower back pain in every lower back pain patient is undoubtedly extremely beneficial to treatment and prevention. As a chronic disease, lower back pain can be self-protected and treated. There are two aspects to talk about here. One is the protection in daily life, and the other is the self-exercise of lumbar spine function. In daily life unless lying down, whether standing or sitting do not keep the lumbar spine in a posture for too long, do a little forward jerking action, the action should be gentle. Try to avoid bending for too long, do not bend over to lift heavy objects, picking things on the ground to bend the knee joint first, then bend over. If a more intense low back pain occurs, you have to lie flat on a hard bed, you can put a small pillow on your waist, don’t let your waist hang in the air. For acute attacks of low back pain, you can use an ice pack or hot water pack (plastic or rubber bag with ice or hot water in it) on the area. You can also use heat therapy device (such as Zhoulin spectrum instrument or infrared lamp, etc.) to do local heat therapy. You can also take some oral anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving drugs such as Fenbid, Fotarim, etc. Usually, after bed rest, physical therapy and medication, the symptoms of lumbar pain will be relieved to different degrees. The muscles around the lumbar spine are also a very important factor in the occurrence of lumbar pain. As you know, the lumbar spine is the only skeletal structure connecting the upper and lower body, so the muscles around the lumbar spine, such as the lumbar back and abdominal muscles, play an important role in supporting the body. Exercising the lumbar back and abdominal muscles to make them strong can reduce segmental instability due to lumbar spine degeneration, thus reducing symptoms. There are two ways to exercise the lumbar back muscles. The first: lying flat on the bed, knees bent to put the feet on the bed, and then force the hips up, leaving the bed about 10 centimeters, when you will feel the lumbar back muscle in force. Insist on about 3-5 seconds to put down, so repeatedly 10 times. Do this method 3 times a day. The second: prone on the bed, both upper limbs straight on both sides of the body, the upper body forcefully raised about 10 centimeters, then you will feel the lumbar back muscles in force, also adhere to 3-5 seconds to put down, so repeatedly 10 times a day, in this way 3 times a day. And the exercise of the abdominal muscles is to do sit-ups, the same is done 10 times each time, 3 times a day. Through the above exercise methods, you can get strong muscles to support the protection of the lumbar spine, thus reducing and alleviating the occurrence of low back pain. Since exertional low back pain is not a disease, there is generally no need for special treatment, and there is no need for complete rest, and it can disappear on its own in about a week or so. But there are three points should be paid attention to: one is to take a hot bath after the activity or before going to bed, can promote blood circulation, reduce the accumulation of metabolites such as lactic acid, reduce swelling and pain. Secondly, we should pay attention to the exercise should be measured, step by step, starting from a small amount of activity, after adaptation to increase the amount of exercise, can prevent exertional lumbago and other parts of the pain. If there is exertional low back pain. Then we should pay attention to ensure sufficient sleep and limit the amount of activity to promote recovery. Third, do not be afraid of activities and discontinue exercise, this phenomenon is often encountered by many people in the beginning of physical labor or sports activities, do not “once bitten by a snake, ten years afraid of the well rope”, the more so, the more to adhere to exercise. Gradually adapt to the similar discomfort will not occur again, and can feel more relaxed body.