The survival rate of diffuse sclerosing thyroid cancer is about 60%-80%, but it is analyzed according to the individual’s physical condition, clinical stage, and psychological state. Diffuse sclerosing thyroid cancer is characterized by diffuse sclerosis, which accumulates to the whole thyroid body, showing diffuse growth and hard thyroid body. Clinical manifestations include weakness, drowsiness, dyspnea, and hoarseness. Symptoms of thyroid gland compression include compression of the trachea causing breath-holding, and compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve may cause hoarseness. If the tumor compresses the superior laryngeal nerve, the patient may have a dull voice. In addition, it may also lead to choking on water, which are the typical manifestations of sclerosing thyroid cancer. Diffuse sclerosing thyroid cancer is mostly treated with iodine 131 therapy, drugs, surgery and other comprehensive treatment means. In the early stage when the tumor is small and the depth of invasion is shallow, and there is no lymph node metastasis, radical surgical resection is mostly adopted, and it is possible to achieve long-term survival, and the five-year survival rate can reach 60%-80% with lifelong taking of levothyroxine tablets as alternative treatment. It is recommended that patients maintain a good state of mind in their normal life, actively cooperate with the doctor’s treatment, and undergo regular review.