Patients awaiting transplantation who have received a blood transfusion prior to surgery, or who have had graft failure due to rejection after a previous transplant, and female patients who have had children (pregnancy), may have their immune system stimulated (sensitized) by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules from another individual (allogeneic), causing the patient’s immune system to produce specific antibodies against the allogeneic HLA molecules. PRA-positive recipients are referred to as sensitized PRA > 40% of recipients are referred to as hypersensitized recipients. Studies have shown that PRA plays an important role in transplant rejection of solid organs (kidney, heart, lung, liver, etc.) and is closely associated not only with hyperacute rejection of kidney transplantation, but also with delayed graft function, acute rejection, chronic rejection, and decreased graft survival. PRA has become a routine and preferred indicator for preoperative tissue matching in solid organ transplantation and is receiving increasing attention from clinicians. Strict cross-matching (complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity test, CDC) must be performed on PRA-positive sensitized recipients preoperatively to select donor organs with a high degree of HLA compatibility that can avoid the HLA molecules corresponding to antibody specificity and CDC negativity. This avoids hyperacute rejection, reduces acute and chronic rejection, and improves graft survival.