Heart failure is the leading cause of death from cardiovascular disease, and approximately 40% of cardiovascular disease can eventually progress to heart failure. The incidence of heart failure increases rapidly with increasing age. Due to the presence of multiple chronic diseases in the elderly, heart failure may also be caused by multiple etiologies, and the pathophysiological processes of multiple diseases interact with each other and work together on the already aging heart, making its pathogenesis and clinical manifestations more complex, making the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure in the elderly extremely difficult. Common causes of heart failure in the elderly: hypertensive heart failure, diabetic cardiomyopathy, senile degenerative calcific valve disease, senile ischemic cardiomyopathy (coronary artery disease), senile anemic myocardial damage, rheumatic heart disease and pulmonary heart disease. Only 21.5% of heart failure in the elderly is due to a single cause, while 78.5% of heart failure is due to two or more causes, and sometimes as many as six to seven causes of intractable heart failure. Elderly patients with heart failure often have multiple medical conditions: hypertension, renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, stroke, arthritis, and anemia, requiring multiple medications, which may increase the risk of adverse effects and decrease compliance with medications.