Herpes zoster, caused by neurotropic varicella-zoster virus, is commonly known as “raw snake”, “snake dan”, “tangle waist fire dragon” or “spider sore”, “snake pan sore”. “The virus enters the body through the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and spreads through the bloodstream, and after invading the sensory nerve endings of the skin, it can move along the nerves to the ganglia of the posterior roots of the spinal cord, where it is latent. In rare cases, the herpes virus can spread to the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord and to visceral nerve fibers, causing motor nerve palsy, such as ocular and facial nerve palsy, as well as gastrointestinal and urinary tract symptoms. Herpes zoster may manifest clinically as clustered blisters distributed in clustered bands along one peripheral nerve, accompanied by severe neuralgia. If herpes zoster is mistreated, or not treated, and the patient’s autoimmune system decreases, the sequelae of herpes zoster, which can be difficult to treat clinically, are postherpetic neuralgia. The onset of the disease is preceded by a localized burning pain in the skin, with mild fever, fatigue, and other systemic symptoms. However, there can be no prodromal symptoms, and after 1 to 3 days, scattered erythema appears on the skin one after another. After 1 to 3 days, scattered erythematous spots appear on the skin, followed by clusters of papules from corn to green bean size, which rapidly turn into blisters. The blister walls are tense and shiny, the blister water is clarified, and there are small depressions on most of the blister surface. After a few days, the blisters become cloudy and purulent, and form a vesicular surface after breaking down, and finally dry and scab, leaving a temporary erythema after the scabs fall off. The duration of the disease is usually about 2 to 4 weeks. In mild cases, only erythema and papules appear without blisters, which is called incomplete herpes zoster. In malignant lymphoma, acute systemic lupus erythematosus, and the elderly and frail, gangrenous herpes may appear and leave scars after healing, called gangrenous herpes zoster. Herpes zoster can be generalized and is often accompanied by high fever and pneumonia or encephalitis, which is serious and can lead to death if not rescued in time, called generalized herpes zoster. The distribution of herpes is mostly located on one side, not in a band, and sometimes occasionally exceeds the midline of the trunk, which is due to the nerve endings crossing the midline. The thoracic, cervical and facial trigeminal nerve distribution areas are the preferred sites. Usually only one branch of the trigeminal nerve is involved. Local lymph nodes are often enlarged and painful. Neuralgia is the main symptom of the disease. The acute stage is due to inflammatory reaction of the ganglion, and the late stage neuralgia is caused by post-inflammatory fibrosis of the ganglion as well as the sensory nerves. Sometimes there is severe neuralgia before the appearance of herpes, when it is often misdiagnosed as acute abdomen or angina pectoris, etc. Elderly patients with frailty or lymphoma often have sequelae of neuralgia, sometimes lasting for months. If herpes occurs in the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, conjunctival and corneal herpes can occur, leading to corneal ulceration and blindness, which is a serious complication. When the virus invades the facial and auditory nerves, herpes of the ear shell and external auditory canal occurs, which can be accompanied by deep pain in the ear and with mastoid, tinnitus, deafness, facial nerve paralysis and loss of taste sensation in the first 1/3 of the tongue, called herpes zoster facial palsy syndrome. The probability of post-herpetic neuralgia is extremely high in the elderly once they suffer from herpes zoster, even when they receive regular treatment, and most of them are accompanied by hypertension, cerebral infarction, coronary artery disease, and old slow-onset disease.