Epilepsy is not a single disease entity, but a chronic brain disease with different etiological bases and different clinical manifestations, but with common features of recurrent seizures and persistent epileptogenic tendencies. Currently, there are about 9 million people with epilepsy in China, of which about 2/3 are in rural areas, with a treatment gap of 60% to 70%. Epilepsy is not only physically harmful to patients, but also places a huge burden on their families and society, so proper diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy patients is especially important. The current treatment of epilepsy is still based on the application of antiepileptic drugs to control seizures; after regular and adequate treatment, about 70% of patients can control their seizures; however, the prognosis of different seizure types and different epilepsy syndromes varies greatly, so the prerequisite for improving the efficacy is correct diagnosis. There are many irregularities in the treatment of epilepsy in China, such as improper drug selection due to wrong diagnosis, small doses of antiepileptic drugs, frequent drug changes due to recurrent seizures, and various other therapies without clinical validation, as well as the use of so-called “proprietary Chinese medicine”. These irregular treatments may result in medically refractory epilepsy. In the treatment of epilepsy patients, each patient’s condition is different, so each patient’s medication, dosage and method of administration should be adapted to individual characteristics in order to achieve the best results. Therefore, individualized treatment under the guidance of standardized diagnosis and treatment principles should be advocated. The latest guidelines for epilepsy diagnosis and treatment in China suggest five steps: first, determine whether the seizure event is a seizure; second, determine the type of seizure; third, determine the type of epilepsy and epilepsy syndrome; fourth, determine the cause; and finally, determine whether presence of disabilities and co-morbidities. This requires a complete and reliable medical history, physical examination, and ancillary tests (especially long-range video EEG monitoring has been used as the “gold standard” for seizure diagnosis). After the diagnosis is clear, the drug chosen for each patient should be based on the patient’s seizure type or syndrome, and should also take into account special populations, such as newborns, infants, women of childbearing age, the elderly, and the presence of comorbidities. 3. First choose monotherapy, the first monotherapy is ineffective, switch to the second monotherapy, only in the case of confirmed ineffective monotherapy can consider multi-drug combination therapy; multi-drug therapy requires attention to the selection of drugs with different mechanisms of action, avoid the same adverse reactions and liver enzyme-inducing drugs combined; if the combination therapy still can not get better results, it is recommended to switch to the most tolerable treatment for patients. 4, any drug should be started from a small dose, slowly increase the dose until the attack control or maximum tolerable dose, and give sufficient observation time, do not change the drug frequently; require regular medication, regular follow-up to observe drug side effects and assess drug efficacy. 5, the medication course should be sufficient, withdrawal should be slow; most patients in the case of drug therapy, 2 to 5 years completely seizure-free, can be considered to discontinue; but whether to reduce the discontinuation, how to reduce the discontinuation, should be fully considered the patient’s etiology and syndrome diagnosis; before deciding whether to discontinue the drug should be assessed the possibility of re-seizures, EEG has a reference value for the reduction of anti-epileptic drugs; at the same time, the withdrawal process should be slow, may last for several months If seizures occur during the withdrawal process, continued withdrawal should be stopped and the drug dose should be restored to the closest dose observed at the time of the seizure. Finally, self-management of epilepsy patients also plays an important role in the success or failure of treatment. Try to avoid some seizure-inducing factors, such as lack of sleep, excessive stress, excessive alcohol consumption, and avoid taking excitatory drugs such as caffeine.