Epilepsy is caused by abnormal discharges in the cerebral cortex. Removing the local brain tissue causing the abnormal discharges or destroying the conduction pathways of the abnormal discharges can treat epilepsy to some extent. The selection criteria for patients undergoing surgery are: 1) the patient has been diagnosed with refractory epilepsy due to poor results of regular treatment with 2 or more medications; 2) the seizures seriously affect the child’s quality of life or growth and development; 3) the child’s physical and mental status can cooperate with the preoperative evaluation; 4) the epileptogenic focus is a single lesion, not in an important functional area of the brain, and the surgery will not cause significant disability to the patient; 5) the patient can be located by noninvasive or The epileptogenic foci can be localized by non-invasive or invasive methods. Based on strict control of the indications for surgery and the choice of different surgical methods, about 70%-80% of pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy can benefit from surgery. Surgery is an important tool in the treatment of refractory epilepsy, and appropriate surgery can lead to seizure control or cure in many patients. There are a variety of surgical approaches, but the only procedure that is internationally recognized as having the most definitive efficacy is resection of the epileptogenic focus. Other surgical procedures include corpus callosotomy, multiple floppy meningeal transverse fiber dissection, and neuroelectrical stimulation, all of which are applied in specific cases.