Toxic diffuse goiter is also known as Graves’ disease. Graves’ disease and hyperthyroidism are somewhat different in terms of etiology and diagnostic criteria. 1. Causes: Graves’ disease can be caused by genetic factors, abnormalities in the immune system, etc. Graves’ disease is one of the causes of hyperthyroidism, but the causes of hyperthyroidism also include multinodular toxic goiter, autonomous hyperfunctional adenomas of the thyroid gland, and iodine-induced hyperthyroidism. 2. Diagnostic criteria: the characteristic autoantibody of Graves’ disease is thyrotropin receptor antibody, i.e. TRAb, so this is the first-line indicator for diagnosing Graves’ disease; whereas hyperthyroidism is mainly diagnosed on the basis of hypermetabolic symptoms, elevated serum thyroid hormone with decreased thyrotropin, and other factors. Patients with symptoms similar to those associated with Graves’ disease and hyperthyroidism are advised to go to the hospital.