Bacillus anthracis can be transmitted to humans through relevant routes, contributing to the formation and onset of anthrax, leading to serious damage to the health of the organism. Anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis is an infectious disease of animal origin and is a legally recognized category B infectious disease in China. Bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive bacillus, occurs mainly in herbivores. For humans, individuals are often infected through direct contact with diseased animals or contaminated products, etc. Pulmonary anthrax is also caused by respiratory inhalation of dust or aerosols carrying the bacteria, and intestinal anthrax is caused by consumption of foodstuffs carrying B. anthracis. The danger of anthrax to human health cannot be ignored, and those in critical condition may be threatened with death due to respiratory and circulatory failure. It is therefore important to prevent and control anthrax, and to isolate and actively treat suspected cases as soon as they occur.