Surgical treatment is an important part of the comprehensive treatment of breast cancer. After the inability to preserve the breast or extensive mastectomy of breast tumor, the absence of the breast or the obvious disfigurement of the breast shape and contour can cause many adverse effects on the patient, such as significant psychological trauma, inconvenient wearing of the prosthesis, and the inability to reassume normal social and life roles. With the promotion of multidisciplinary treatment model for breast cancer, once a patient is clearly diagnosed, the best surgical approach can be determined by a comprehensive evaluation and discussion between oncologists and plastic surgeons before undergoing breast surgery, and these patients can choose to undergo immediate/delayed breast reconstruction surgery at the same time as mastectomy. The implementation of breast reconstruction surgery has brought benefits to the physical appearance and psychological health of breast cancer patients after surgery, but as an emerging technology, the extent, form and problems encountered in its implementation in China are different. In 2013, we conducted a survey on the current status of breast reconstruction in China using questionnaires from some experts in the Breast Cancer Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association. The results showed that 32 tertiary hospitals performed a total of 24,763 mastectomies for breast cancer in 2012, and only 1,120 breast reconstructions were performed among them, with a reconstruction rate of 4.5%. Among them, breast reconstruction with implants alone accounted for more than 80%. This shows that the scale of breast reconstruction in China is still small compared with that in Europe and the United States, and even in neighboring countries in East Asia, where implant reconstruction is the mainstay. The results also showed that the majority of breast reconstruction was performed by general surgeons and oncologic surgeons. The distribution of disciplines and interdisciplinary collaboration, medical cost pricing mechanism, patient education, practitioner training, and suppliers have become the main factors limiting the development of reconstructive surgery. In our questionnaire, we also conducted a survey on the impact of breast reconstruction on adjuvant tumor treatment, especially radiotherapy. The survey results showed that more than half of the respondents believed that preoperative radiotherapy had a moderate or severe impact on the difficulty of reconstructive surgery, and for this group of patients, most doctors would use autologous tissue reconstruction. For patients who underwent breast reconstruction with implants (expanders), the majority of the respondents chose to perform replacement surgery after the completion of radiotherapy. more than 70% of the respondents believed that the interval between postoperative radiotherapy and reconstructive surgery should be 3 to 12 months. more than 90% of the respondents believed that chemotherapy had no significant effect on reconstructive surgery. For a patient undergoing reconstructive breast surgery, the timing of tumor treatment and reconstructive treatment should be the optimal choice after comprehensive weighing. Currently, several clinical studies have been conducted in large foreign oncology and revision centers, and our current choice is based on the results of these studies. Any breast reconstruction surgery should not interfere with the standard surgical treatment of breast cancer and other comprehensive treatments; patients with a long history of smoking and obesity are at increased risk of complications from implant and autologous tissue reconstruction, so it is recommended that long-term smoking habits and overweight are relative contraindications to breast reconstruction surgery; inflammatory breast cancer requires the removal of a large amount of breast skin, and its biological behavior is poor, and patients who undergo neoadjuvant Inflammatory breast cancer requires the removal of a large amount of breast skin and has poor biological behavior. Patients need to receive adjuvant radiotherapy as soon as possible after systemic therapy and total mastectomy, so immediate breast reconstruction is not suitable. Radiation therapy may adversely affect the shape of the reconstructed breast and delayed reconstruction is recommended for patients who clearly require postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy; experienced teams may consider immediate reconstruction followed by radiation therapy. When considering tissue expansion and immediate implant reconstruction, it is recommended that the tissue expander be placed first and replaced with a permanent implant before or after the start of radiation therapy; implant replacement is done before radiation therapy to reduce incision-related complications; if tissue expander replacement with a permanent implant is done after radiation therapy, it is recommended that it be done about six months after radiation therapy, after the skin reaction caused by radiation therapy has resolved. Patients who have undergone radiation therapy often experience more severe capsular contracture, displacement, poor aesthetics of the reconstructed breast, and implant exposure if implant reconstruction is used; therefore, postponed breast reconstruction after radiation therapy should not be performed with tissue expanders and implants, and autologous tissue flaps should be preferred. Our data show that breast reconstruction does not delay postoperative chemotherapy; therefore, the need for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy should not be a contraindication to breast reconstruction. However, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy has the potential to increase the surgical complications of reconstructed breasts. This also suggests that the internist needs to be in contact with the surgeon during the course of adjuvant chemotherapy in these patients to promptly manage any surgical complications that arise. This also emphasizes the importance of timely and effective communication between the multidisciplinary breast cancer team throughout the planning of reconstructive breast surgery. Advances in breast reconstruction techniques have allowed surgeons to offer a variety of reconstructive options to breast cancer patients. Choosing the best reconstructive approach requires an in-depth analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, taking into account the patient’s wishes and expectations, as well as the impact of adjuvant therapy on the reconstructed breast. Close communication should be maintained between all members of the breast cancer treatment team, including surgical oncologists, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists. The use of this technique will greatly improve patient satisfaction and outcomes.