Conservative treatment: medicine (Chinese and Western medicine), plaster, massage, traction (three-dimensional traction), massage, sacral therapy, acupuncture, buried thread, closure, small needle knife, infusion, etc. These relief treatments are non-intelligent solutions to temporary pain, and the effect is only temporary, prone to recurrence or aggravation when cold, exertion, incorrect posture. Minimally invasive interventional therapy: this treatment is operated under the guidance of CT or C-arm fluoroscopy, using minimally invasive methods such as ozone, radiofrequency, laser, collagenase, rotary cutting, plasma, etc. to oxidize, dissolve, vaporize and rotary cut the herniated disc tissue respectively, so that the herniated disc is eliminated and the compression on the spinal nerve or nerve root is lifted to achieve the purpose of treatment, this therapy is suitable for mild and moderate disc herniation. This treatment is suitable for mild and moderate disc herniation. Ultra-minimally invasive intervention (intervertebral foraminoscopy): It is a minimally invasive spinal surgery system composed of a specially designed intervertebral foraminoscope and corresponding supporting minimally invasive spinal technology instruments, imaging and image processing system, and dual-frequency radiofrequency machine. Positioned under DSA, it enters the intervertebral foramen from the lateral or lateral-posterior aspect of the patient’s body. The procedure is performed in the safety triangle. The surgery is performed outside the disc’s fibrous annulus, where the herniated nucleus pulposus, nerve roots, dural sac and hyperplastic bone tissue can be clearly seen under direct endoscopic vision. Then various types of grasping forceps are used to remove the herniated tissue, remove the hyperplastic bone, the thickened ligamentum flavum, and bipolar radiofrequency electrodes to repair the broken annulus fibrosus to prevent re-protrusion and completely release the compression on the nerve root. This treatment is suitable for moderate and severe disc herniation. Surgical treatment (including intervertebral discoscopy): surgery requires layer-by-layer incision of skin, muscle, full lamina, half lamina, intervertebral opening and other access disc removal, which has achieved the purpose of relieving nerve root and decompression, but there are risks of anesthesia accident, trauma, bleeding, wound infection, accidental injury to other tissues, postoperative spinal instability and other complications, and may be accompanied by neuralgia due to adhesions and scarring.