Safe anesthesia is a powerful guarantee to help patients successfully pass through the perioperative period. This process will certainly have a very positive effect on consolidating the treatment effect if patients can actively cooperate and understand the treatment means of the doctors. I. Why should I sign the anesthesia consent form before surgery? Although anesthesiologists will follow various operating procedures, some accidents and complications may still occur during anesthesia. As a patient and family member, it is necessary and right to fully understand the advantages and disadvantages of the anesthesia you receive and the associated risks, and to raise your questions and requests to the anesthesiologist, indicating your attitude toward receiving this anesthesia. Pre-anesthesia conversation and signing the anesthesia consent form is a reflection of the anesthesiologist’s respect for the patient’s wishes and right to life, and is a medical procedure done in a realistic and scientific manner, which should not be misinterpreted as an act of the doctor shirking his responsibilities. Second, what do patients need to do before anesthesia with doctors? 1. Quit smoking, quit drinking, brush teeth in the morning and evening, and have oral diseases treated as early as possible; 2. If you are taking drugs for other diseases before surgery, you must explain to the doctor to clarify whether you need to stop taking drugs; 3. Before entering the surgery, fast for at least 8 hours, abstain from drinking for at least 4 hours (2-4 hours for children), and take the necessary drugs with micro water before surgery; 4. Empty urine and stool; 5. As the anesthesiologist needs to make preoperative visits, the patient 6.Adequate rest before surgery, such as anxiety, poor sleep, can take sedative sleeping pills as prescribed by the doctor; 7.Do not wear makeup for female patients, especially lips and nails, so as not to affect the doctor’s observation of skin color and judgment of the disease; 8.Remove the “external objects”, patients wearing movable dentures, braces, to Remove dentures to prevent them from falling off during anesthesia intubation and accidentally entering the esophagus or respiratory tract. Valuable items such as glasses, earrings, rings, watches, bracelets, hairpins, necklaces, etc. should not be brought to the operating room to avoid loss or burns when using the electric knife. Third, why should patients emphasize abstaining from drinking and eating before anesthesia? Many patients or family members do not understand that they cannot eat or drink before surgery. Some patients and parents are afraid of aggravating themselves and their children, and even believe that they should eat well before surgery to better “tolerate the surgery”, and that “the surgery will be unbearable if they are hungry”. Therefore, there are often patients or family members who do not listen to the advice and instructions of medical staff and eat before surgery, and there are also patients who eat before surgery and do not tell the doctor, and only tell the truth when asked after the risk arises during surgery. Gastrointestinal preparation is an important part of preoperative preparation, mainly to prevent asphyxia or aspiration pneumonia due to vomiting during anesthesia or surgery. Vomiting aspiration is most likely to occur during the induction of anesthesia and the awakening period. The gastric cardia sphincter is relaxed under the effect of anesthesia, so if the anesthesia procedure is performed after eating or drinking a lot of water for not enough prescribed time, the gastric contents have not yet entered the intestinal tract and can reflux to the pharynx through the cardia and esophagus in the supine position, and at the same time, the protective choking reflex of the patient disappears due to the effect of anesthesia, so the risk of accidental aspiration of the refluxed material into the trachea is extremely easy to occur. This will not only affect the normal operation, but may also cause serious complications and even threaten the patient’s life. When should I start not eating or drinking before surgery? It depends on the site, type and size of the surgery and the patient’s age and general condition, etc. In general, patients should be fasted for 12 hours before surgery and prohibited from drinking water from 4 hours. Patients after cleansing enema can drink 250-500ml of plain water or sugar water 4 hours before surgery, but never consume any other highly nutritious drinks or solid food. It is important to emphasize here that dairy foods are not beverages, but rather solid foods because they take longer to be digested in the stomach. On the day of surgery, if it is the first surgery, do not drink water or eat any food after waking up in the morning; if it is the next surgery, you can drink a small amount of plain water or sugar water before 4 hours before surgery. Pediatric patients are routinely banned from eating (including dairy foods) 6 hours before surgery, and from drinking water 2-3 hours before surgery.