In recent years, surgical treatment of diabetes has been developing rapidly throughout the country, and many large general hospitals in China have been carrying out this technology one after another, and gradually changing from a purely surgical model to a multidisciplinary model of integrated treatment and management. Many clinical and basic research articles have been published in authoritative journals at home and abroad, and many high-level clinical and scientific research projects have been initiated. From a large amount of clinical evidence and research results at home and abroad, it can be seen that surgery is very effective for diabetic patients, and surgery should be used as part of diabetes treatment. At the same time, the successful implementation of various bariatric surgeries also suggests that surgery should not be the last treatment option for diabetic patients, but should be considered as a treatment option in the early stages of the treatment of obese type 2 diabetes. It has been confirmed through several clinical studies that bariatric surgery also has a better treatment effect for type 2 diabetic patients with low body weight (BMI < 35 kg / m2), so we need to further think and explore whether BMI is the most important consideration in the surgical treatment of diabetes? What are the best criteria for selecting surgery for Chinese patients with T2DM based on population ethnic differences? When is the best time for surgical treatment of T2DM? What are the important factors that influence the outcome of surgery? What is the mechanism of surgical treatment of diabetes? How should patients with different conditions choose the best surgical procedure? What are the criteria for "remission" and "cure"? In this field, there are still many questions that need to be solved through the joint efforts of medical experts, and there are bound to be many new results and advances that will be achieved through clinical practice. Reviewing the clinical practice of domestic and foreign experts over the years, we can see that the successful implementation of surgery is the first step of surgical treatment, and strict postoperative follow-up and standardized patient management are more important, which is a crucial part to ensure the surgical effect, avoid long-term postoperative complications, and improve the postoperative discomfort of patients. Therefore, for surgeons, it is necessary to improve surgical skills through various trainings to ensure the standardization and safety of surgical links, especially large general hospitals around the world should establish standardized treatment processes, set an example of standardized development, and drive the standardized development of other hospitals in the region; at the same time, it is necessary to establish multidisciplinary professional teams composed of surgery, internal medicine, nursing, psychology, nutrition, etc. Implement strict follow-up and management of postoperative patients to ensure long-term maintenance of surgical results. At the same time, we need to carry out various forms of patient promotion and education, build a smooth doctor-patient communication platform, effectively combine patient treatment with postoperative care, and involve patients in postoperative management. In the future, the surgical treatment of diabetes and obesity is expected to develop into an independent discipline of surgery, and at the same time drive the development of clinical and basic research of surgery, internal medicine, nutrition and other multidisciplinary disciplines, which will greatly promote the comprehensive, diversified and characteristic development of the field of diabetes treatment. We firmly believe that: with the further development of clinical practice and scientific research of diabetic surgery, more and more diabetic patients will be able to benefit from the surgery!