Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic, destructive joint disease. A variety of autoantibodies may be present in the serum. For patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have failed regular medical treatment and severe joint dysfunction, surgical treatment can be considered in regular hospitals, ranging from tendon repair, synovectomy and arthroplasty. Since rheumatoid arthritis is a multifactorial disease, immune damage and repair mediated by susceptibility genes, infection factors and autoimmune reactions are the basis of rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis and disease evolution. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis after surgery need to continue taking medication because the destructive effect of antibodies in the patient’s serum and the inflammatory response of immunoglobulins, inflammatory cytokines, oxygen free radicals and other inflammatory mediators are not altered by surgery. Therefore, medication needs to be continued to suppress the inflammatory response of the joints and synovium, slow down or stop the erosion and destruction of the joints, and control the development and deterioration of the disease.