Allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma (BA) are the “global health problems” of the 21st century. They are both common respiratory allergic diseases, which are similar in etiology, pathogenesis and pathological changes, except for their different clinical manifestations, and many patients often suffer from allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma successively or simultaneously. The correlation between the two has attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad, and the World Health Organization (WHO) formulated a guideline on allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) in 2001. However, the current status of treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma is not promising, and continuing education for patients and physicians is urgently needed. This paper provides a philosophical and dialectical understanding of the treatment of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, and analyzes the sameness of the two from the viewpoint of modern holistic medicine to provide a theoretical basis for the holistic treatment of both in clinical practice. Allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma are common joint inflammatory diseases of the airways. Both are diseases with the fastest increasing incidence worldwide, and the incidence of both is higher in developed countries and regions with higher living standards than in developing countries in general. In addition to some of the self-induced causes of asthma onset, this may be related to industrial pollution, the increase in allergic harmful substances, and may also be related to the increased use of home decorations and carpets, resulting in an increase in indoor dust mites and chemicals. Allergic rhinitis mostly occurs before an asthma attack, and rhinitis may be a risk factor for further development of asthma. Since most of the inhaled antigens are deposited on the nasal mucosa, the entire respiratory allergic inflammatory response may originate from the nasal mucosa to a large extent, suggesting that nasal mucosal metaplasia is the “source” of the entire respiratory metaplasia. Allergic rhinitis usually precedes the onset of asthma due to pollen allergens. Studies by domestic and foreign scholars have shown that the incidence of bronchial asthma complicated by allergic rhinitis is between 60% and 90%, and that allergic rhinitis not only triggers bronchial asthma, but also often makes asthma difficult to control and manage. In recent years, with the gradual advancement of research on respiratory allergic diseases, the principle of combining symptomatic management of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma with treatment of mucosal inflammatory response has been established. Inhaled and nasal corticosteroids have been recommended by ARIA as “first-line” agents for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Prevention or early treatment of allergic rhinitis can help prevent the onset of asthma or reduce the severity of lower respiratory symptoms. Although medical practitioners in China have done a lot of educational work on the treatment and management of asthma, there are many difficulties in the management of patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis due to the lack of awareness and attention to allergic rhinitis, and the current status of asthma and allergic rhinitis treatment is not optimistic. In addition, patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis are usually allergic, and both are familial diseases with significant family aggregation. Our study showed that about 34.0% of patients have a family history of airway inflammation-related diseases (such as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic bronchitis, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyposis, etc.) within three generations of their direct line. 2.The modern holistic medical concept of “people-oriented and quality of life”: As early as in the Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine, it is proposed that “man is in harmony with heaven and earth” (Ling Shu? It is pointed out that human beings are living in the “qi intercourse” and, like everything on the earth, they are the result of the regular changes of the natural world. The 21st century is the century of people-oriented, “patient-centered and quality of life”. The 21st century is a human-centered century, and “patient-centered and quality of life” is the specific requirement of the modern holistic medical concept for clinical medical practice in the 21st century. We should consider the rational treatment of patients’ diseases from biological, psychological and social aspects systematically, and improve patients’ survival treatment comprehensively, not only to prolong their lives. Allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma show similarities in etiology, pathogenesis, genetic characteristics and pathological changes, and their treatment principles are both based on inhaled and nasal corticosteroids as the “first-line drugs”. The homogeneity of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma also determines that the two must be considered as an organic whole in the treatment process. We should not only control the clinical symptoms of patients with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, but also meet their psychological and social needs in normal life, work and study, so that they can become a “social person” with comprehensive physical, mental and intellectual health. 3. The dialectical unity of “the same airway and the same disease”: Natural dialectics is the generalization and summary of Marxist philosophy on the achievements of human understanding and transformation of the natural world. The development of medicine has been influenced by different views of nature in different times. The development of medicine has been influenced by different views of nature in different times. The view of nature has gone through four stages of development: ancient simple view of nature, medieval religious theology and Renaissance view of nature, modern metaphysical view of nature and dialectical materialism view of nature, and medicine has accordingly gone through four stages of development: witchcraft medicine, empirical medicine, biomedicine and bio-psycho-social medicine. The emergence of modern bio-psycho-social medicine model is inseparable from the materialistic dialectics of Marxist philosophy. From the perspective of holistic medicine, the upper and lower respiratory tracts are a continuous unity, and allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma are different manifestations of the same pathological basis (respiratory tract metaplasia) in different parts of the body. The homogeneity of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma supports the concept of “one airway, one disease”. The clinical manifestations of the two diseases, such as sneezing and coughing, nasal congestion, nasal congestion and shortness of breath, nasal discharge or sputum, are different depending on the structure and function of the affected upper and lower airways. Based on the fact that allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma are different manifestations of the same disease in the upper and lower airways, most scholars now believe that allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma can be classified into the same group of diseases, namely: total air-way inflammatory and hyperresponsive syndrome (TAS). Therefore, under the modern bio-psycho-social medicine model, clinicians should take into account both the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in medical practice, analyze each case on its own merits, take into account the overall condition of the patient and use comprehensive medication according to the individual situation, and control the inflammatory reactions of the upper and lower airways at the same time, in order to comprehensively We will improve the quality of life of patients. In conclusion, allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma are both “global health problems” in the 21st century. They share the same etiology, pathogenesis, genetic characteristics, and pathological changes, and both are treated with inhaled and nasal corticosteroids as the “first-line drugs”. Allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma often coexist, supporting the concept of “one airway, one disease”. Under the modern holistic medical concept of “people-oriented and quality of life”, the dialectical relationship between allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma needs to be understood and paid attention to by clinicians, so as to provide comprehensive and synergistic treatment for both, improve the quality of life of patients and meet their psychological and social needs in normal life, work and study.