Ablation can be used to ablate benign thyroid nodules as well as microscopic papillary thyroid cancer nodules. The pros and cons of ablation need to be weighed by the patient with the advice of a medical professional. Currently, there are two main types of ablation: chemical ablation and thermal ablation. Chemical ablation is alcohol ablation, which is mainly used for thyroid cystic nodules. Thermal ablation mainly includes radiofrequency, microwave and laser ablation, with radiofrequency ablation being the most commonly used. Ablation of thyroid nodules can significantly reduce the size of the nodule, eliminate compression symptoms, and cause little interference with thyroid function. Compared to surgical treatment of thyroid nodules, it is less invasive, with less risk and less bleeding as general anesthesia is not required. Ablation is a better option for those who do not want to take the risk of surgery and whose medical condition cannot tolerate surgery. Currently, ablation is mainly used for benign nodules and microscopic papillary carcinoma; while malignant nodules such as follicular thyroid carcinoma and medullary carcinoma may not be completely treated by ablation, and still require radical resection by surgery. Patients are advised to consult the doctor for further examination to clarify the nature of the nodules and fully understand the risks before choosing the appropriate treatment.