The human body has five lumbar intervertebral discs, which are the spacers between the vertebrae, cylindrical and flexible. The lumbar disc consists of two parts: the outer layer is the tough fibrous ring and the core is the soft nucleus pulposus. A lumbar disc herniation is when the fibrous ring of the lumbar disc ruptures, causing the inner nucleus pulposus to be squeezed out. The protruding nucleus then compresses the spinal nerve root next to it, causing back pain and radiating pain in the lower extremities (usually sciatica, radiating down the path of lumbar-hip-back-of-thigh-outer-calf-foot, accompanied by a sensation of tendons hanging firm in the back of the thigh). The high incidence of lumbar disc herniation is of great concern as it has a greater impact on a person’s quality of life and work. There are many clinical treatments for lumbar disc herniation, and different doctors may give very different treatments and recommendations, while many patients lack the relevant knowledge and are uncertain about surgical versus non-surgical, minimally invasive versus open surgery. Experts point out that minimally invasive surgery can be considered if the symptoms of lumbar disc herniation are severe and conservative treatment is ineffective, and few patients need open fusion for simple lumbar disc herniation. Ladder treatment: It is now accepted that lumbar disc herniation should be treated with a ladder treatment program according to the condition First ladder: conservative treatment – treatment with Micropoietic, vitamin and pain medication, together with massage, physiotherapy and traction; if regular conservative treatment is ineffective for more than 3 months, the second ladder should be considered; Second ladder: minimally invasive surgery –including microdiscectomy, discoscopic surgery, and foraminoscopic surgery; choose one of the minimally invasive surgical procedures according to the degree of disc herniation and the site of herniation to remove the herniated disc as completely as possible and to completely release the compressed nerve roots. The vast majority of patients can be cured or significantly improved by minimally invasive surgery, and only a few patients with ineffective minimally invasive surgery or recurrence will be considered for the third step; third step: open fusion and fixation surgery – commonly known as “nailing surgery “This is the ultimate surgical option for lumbar discs. It is not advocated to apply the ultimate fusion fixation method in the early to mid stage of the disease. Patients who require open fusion fixation surgery are: (1) patients in whom minimally invasive surgery has failed or who have relapsed; and (2) patients with lumbar disc herniation combined with spinal instability (e.g., slipped vertebrae, see below). Most lumbar disc herniations do not manifest spinal instability, which has been confirmed by extensive medical evidence, so fusion fixation is not necessary for the surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniations. Open fixation fusion surgery itself is very traumatic, with limited postoperative activity, high surgical risk, and many postoperative complications, such as failure and/or failure of internal fixation of the pedicle nail, loosening of the intervertebral fusion, infection, and nerve root and/or ganglion injury; in addition, after fusion of one intervertebral segment, disc degeneration and herniation of the adjacent segment will inevitably occur, with a high probability of reoperation of the adjacent segment after 5 years. In order to avoid the risk of major surgery, elderly patients should simplify the procedure and choose minimally invasive techniques that are safe, reliable, effective, and can be used to get out of bed after surgery. Fixed fusion should not be advocated in younger patients, as it can bring about future reoperations in other segments. In conclusion, only about 5% of patients with lumbar disc herniation require fusion fixation. In Europe, America, Japan and other countries, it is true that only this percentage of fusion fixation surgery, but the percentage in China is much more than that. Excessive treatment not only causes economic waste, but also makes some patients who should have been cured by minimally invasive surgery to have steel nails instead of good results or complications, which needs to be corrected. Of course, a herniated lumbar disc is the result of a combination of aging + strain. The lumbar disc is not removed and everything will be fine, but also with rehabilitation and proper exercise, which needs to be carried out under expert guidance, and blind excessive sports are counterproductive. In addition, aging and strain will continue, medical development can not yet make people “rejuvenate”, so it is necessary to take rehabilitation and exercise measures to delay the possible recurrence of aging.