Minimally invasive treatment of lumbar disc herniation has its indications, and if the indications are strictly grasped, the effect of the surgery will be immediate, and the symptoms of the nerve-compressed lower limbs can be relieved by moving to the ground at that time. The surgical incision is less than 1cm and local anesthesia is applied, which is commonly known as an operation that can be performed lying down and standing up. This is one of the advantages of minimally invasive surgery. Minimally invasive surgery for lumbar disc herniation also requires hospitalization and strict aseptic surgical operation. The advantages over traditional surgery are obvious. In addition to the small incision and damage, it can also directly reach the lesion and remove the disease-causing disc, thus achieving a cure. However, there are two sides to everything, and minimally invasive surgery still has its risks, which are inevitable in any surgery. Minimally invasive surgery can resolve the nerve root compression, but it has limited or no effect on the improvement of lumbar pain symptoms in patients with lumbar degeneration, osteophytes, or even lumbar spondylolisthesis. With the continuous improvement of technology, these problems may be solved gradually. In conclusion, minimally invasive treatment of lumbar disc herniation is an inevitable trend, which on the one hand gradually improves the treatment of patients’ pain and increasingly increases the scope of cure. On the other hand, the trauma and even the danger to the patients themselves will be gradually reduced.