Both domestic and international studies have shown that hearing impairment in childhood is a common birth defect and the prevalence of bilateral hearing impairment is about 0.1%-0.3% in all newborns, with severe and profound hearing impairment accounting for about 0.1%. The prevalence of hearing impairment in newborns admitted to the intensive care unit (NICU) is as high as 2-4%. With the widespread and in-depth development of newborn hearing screening in China, the program of “early detection, early diagnosis and early intervention” for infants and children with hearing impairment is getting more and more attention. It is a matter of concern whether the hearing-impaired infants and children can get the ideal and maximum effect. I. Meaning of early intervention Early intervention originally refers to a kind of compensatory education adopted in the United States since the 1960s to improve the educational conditions of children from disadvantaged families (economically and culturally, etc.). Currently, it has been expanded to include comprehensive services such as education, nutrition, medical care, psychological counseling, social services, and parenting guidance for preschool children with potential or existing developmental deficits and their families. Through continuous and systematic early intervention, children’s development in physical, behavioral, cognitive, emotional and social adaptation can be improved and enhanced, creating conditions for them to enter general education institutions later or receive special education as little as possible. Second, the importance of early intervention Domestic and international reports have confirmed that early detection of hearing impairment and early intervention can enable children with hearing impairment to approach and reach the speech development level of normal children of the same age to the maximum extent. The development of the human auditory system begins after birth, and within 3 months of age, it is mainly a reflex auditory response completed by the auditory centers at all levels of the subcortical brainstem, and after 3 months of age, due to the rapid development of the peripheral and central auditory system at all levels, meaningful auditory activities can gradually develop. Third, foreign early intervention model for infants and toddlers with hearing impairment Jack P. and other scholars believe that early intervention will effectively promote the development of children with hearing disabilities, that is, to provide effective and reasonable rehabilitation programs with targeted efforts for children who are sent to professional rehabilitation institutions, and to pay attention to the rehabilitation and education of deaf children together with their parents. Early intervention for hearing-impaired infants and children requires close integration of health and education, politics and society, and multilateral cooperation across disciplines. In countries such as the United States, early intervention strategies include four main service models. 1. Hospital-centered service models, including: medical care, residential medical services, and hospitals. 2. Combined service models, which combine individual children, families, groups, and communities. 3. Center-based service models, including parent-child centers, child development centers, and special early intervention centers. 4.Family-based service model, divided into family support, home visitation and family child care institutions. IV. Overview of early intervention for infants and children with hearing impairment in China China attaches great importance to the prevention and rehabilitation of hearing impairment, and enacted the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Maternal and Child Health in October 1994 and the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Disabled Persons in December 1990, which was revised in April 2008. In 1999, ten ministries and bureaus, including the Ministry of Health and the China Disabled Persons’ Federation, explicitly requested that “newborn hearing screening be included in the routine checkups of maternal and child health care” in the notice of the National Ear Care Day. In December 2004, China’s Ministry of Health promulgated the “Ear Care Day”. In December 2004, the Ministry of Health issued document [2004] No. 439, which formally incorporated the technical specification for newborn hearing screening into the Technical Specification for Newborn Disease Screening. In December 2007, our government promulgated the National Plan for Prevention and Rehabilitation of Hearing Impairment (2007-2015), which proposed to achieve the goal of “rehabilitation services for all” by 2015. “Since then, major provinces and cities in China have formulated and promulgated their own intervention goals and plans, actively promoted and popularized the knowledge of hearing impairment prevention and rehabilitation, and vigorously carried out rehabilitation training for deaf children, which significantly improved the situation of early intervention and rehabilitation services for children with hearing impairment. V. Principles of Early Intervention for Hearing-Impaired Infants and Toddlers Early intervention strategies for infants and toddlers should include a series of work areas from newborn hearing screening, hearing diagnosis, to hearing aid fitting, to early hearing and speech rehabilitation. For children with hearing impairment, the primary goal of intervention is to improve hearing and implement sound amplification. This means that medication, surgery, hearing aids and cochlear implants are used to improve hearing and amplify sound. Children with acute hearing loss caused by otitis media or other causes can be treated with medication, while children with recurrent otitis media who have been treated conservatively for more than 3 months or children with external middle ear deformities need to be considered for surgical treatment. For children with bilateral severe or very severe sensorineural hearing loss for which hearing aids are not effective, cochlear implantation should be performed at an early stage to achieve early improvement of hearing. In short, the principle of early intervention, the first task is to use speech and sound amplification, drugs, surgery, hearing aids and cochlear implant surgery, etc., so that hearing impaired infants and children get hearing improvement and sound amplification, so that they can hear the sound; second is to use scientific and effective auditory speech rehabilitation and training methods, so that they can understand the sound and learn to speak live. Finally, to enable them to obtain maximum speech communication and return to mainstream society. This series of arduous work requires the collaboration of audiologists and hearing rehabilitation workers to complete.