It occurs mostly in immobile cilia syndrome. In immobile cilia syndrome, structural abnormalities of cilia, such as absence of power arm, defective wheel amplitude, and abnormal arrangement of microtubules, can cause respiratory cilia paralysis and cilia mucus transport dysfunction, resulting in the inability of all body cilia to move and the formation of chronic recurrent purulent pulmonary inflammation, sinusitis, otitis media, and male infertility. How to diagnose the symptoms of cilia structural defects? 1, lower respiratory manifestations: patients with recurrent episodes of upper sensation, chronic bronchitis or interstitial pneumonia Zhang and bronchial dilatation, cough, yellow pus sputum, hemoptysis and dyspnea. This leads to pulmonary atelectasis and bronchial dilatation, with symptoms such as cough, yellow pus sputum, hemoptysis and dyspnea. 2. Upper respiratory manifestations: Patients often have chronic rhinitis and sinusitis, which cause mucus or purulent secretion retention in the sinuses, so there is nasal congestion, pus, and sometimes nasal polyps. Due to abnormal middle ear and eustachian tube cilia, it can lead to chronic recurrent otitis media. 3. Visceral inversion: During the embryonic period, due to abnormal cilia structure, certain epithelial tissues lose their normal oscillation, so that the directional rotation of the viscera becomes random rotation. For example, at 10-15 days of gestation, the viscera should normally rotate to the right, but in the end they rotate to the left, thus forming visceral retroposition. 4. Infertility: The sperm tail is a variant of cilia, and when its structure is abnormal, the sperm lose the ability to swing, which can cause male infertility. Bronchial dilatation, sinusitis and visceral displacement can be diagnosed based on chest X-ray plain film, bronchography, sinus X-ray plain film and CT scan. Nasal and bronchial mucosal biopsies with abnormal cilia seen under electron microscopy can give a positive diagnosis.