Congenital heart disease is the most common type of congenital malformation, which refers to an anatomical abnormality caused by impaired formation or abnormal development of the heart and large blood vessels during embryonic development, or the failure to close channels that should close automatically after birth (which is normal in the fetus). There are many types of congenital heart disease, and their clinical manifestations depend mainly on the size and complexity of the malformation. Complex and severe malformations can present with serious and even life-threatening symptoms shortly after birth. It should be noted that some simple malformations such as ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus can have no obvious symptoms in the early stage, but the disease can still potentially develop and worsen, requiring timely diagnosis and treatment to avoid losing the opportunity for surgery. The main symptoms are: 1. Cyanosis: It arises from the mixing of arterial and venous blood due to right-to-left shunt. It is most obvious at the tip of the nose, lips of the mouth and nail beds of the fingers (toes). 2. Pestle-like fingers (toes) and erythrocytosis: cyanotic congenital heart disease is almost always accompanied by pestle-like fingers (toes) and erythrocytosis. The mechanism of pestle finger (toe) is not clear, but erythrocytosis is a physiological response of the body to arterial hypoxia. 3. Heart failure: Neonatal heart failure is considered an acute condition, usually mostly due to a more severe cardiac defect in the child. Its clinical manifestations are due to congestion of the pulmonary and body circulations and a decrease in cardiac output. The child is pale, breath-holding, dyspnea and tachycardia, with a heart rate of up to 160-190 beats per minute, and blood pressure is often low. A galloping horse rhythm may be heard. The liver is large, but peripheral edema is less common. 4.Developmental disorders: Children with congenital heart disease often develop abnormally, manifesting as thinness, malnutrition and growth retardation. 5, squatting: children with cyanotic congenital heart disease, especially children with tetralogy of Fallot, often show squatting signs after activity, which can increase the vascular resistance of the body circulation and thus reduce the right-to-left shunt produced by the septal defect, and also increase the venous blood return to the right heart, thus improving pulmonary blood flow. 6. Pulmonary hypertension: When patients with septal defect or ductus arteriosus develop severe pulmonary hypertension and cyanosis and other syndromes, it is called Eisenmenger’s syndrome. The clinical manifestations are cyanosis, erythrocytosis, pestle fingers (toes), signs of right heart failure, such as jugular vein anger, hepatomegaly, peripheral tissue edema, when the patient has lost the opportunity of surgery, the only thing waiting is heart and lung transplantation. Most patients die before the age of 40. 7. Other: chest pain, syncope, sudden death.