Congenital heart disease is the most common type of congenital malformation. Except for a few small ventricular septal defects that have a chance to heal spontaneously before the age of 5 years, the vast majority require surgical treatment. The main clinical manifestations are cardiac insufficiency, cyanosis, and dysplasia. Heart disease is the result of a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. The following factors may affect fetal development and produce congenital malformations: i. Genetic factors: Congenital heart disease has a tendency to develop in families to some extent, and may be caused by parental germ cell and chromosomal aberrations. Genetic studies have concluded that most congenital heart disease is formed by the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. Second, the environmental factors of fetal development: 1, infection: the incidence of congenital heart disease is higher in babies born with viral or bacterial infections in the first trimester of pregnancy, especially rubella virus, followed by coxsackie virus. 2.Pregnancy: such as amniotic membrane lesions, fetal pressure, early preterm abortion, maternal malnutrition, diabetes, phenylketonuria, hypercalcemia, the application of radiation and cytotoxic drugs in early pregnancy, the mother is too old, etc. have the potential to cause congenital heart disease in the fetus. 3, other: some congenital heart disease in the highland area more, some congenital heart disease has a significant difference in the incidence of male and female sex, indicating that the altitude and sex of the birthplace is also related to the occurrence of the disease. In patients with congenital heart disease, the cause of the disease can be identified is very few, but strengthening the health care of pregnant women, especially in the early stages of pregnancy to actively prevent rubella, influenza and other rubella viral diseases and avoid all factors related to the onset of the disease is of positive significance in the prevention of congenital heart disease.