Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease with a very high incidence. According to statistics, there are about 110 million people suffering from hypertension in China, 95% of which are primary hypertension (also known as hypertensive disorders). The disease can be early without any discomfort, and many patients can even remain free of discomfort. However, it is a “silent” gunman and is extremely dangerous. When hypertension develops to a certain stage, it can easily cause serious complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, heart and kidney failure. Some people do not learn they have hypertension until they have a sudden heart attack or stroke. In China, the number of deaths due to hypertensive strokes can reach 1 million each year; among survivors, 40% of patients are severely disabled and 75% are incapacitated to varying degrees. And hypertension can cause heart failure in up to 88.5% of patients. This shows that effective measures for early prevention, early detection, early treatment and standardized comprehensive treatment are undoubtedly important for controlling the morbidity and reducing the mortality of this disease. Because hypertension is a polygenic disorder, its development is affected by a variety of factors, so the clinical manifestations are complex and the pathogenesis varies, so the treatment cannot be “one size fits all”. Generally speaking, there are some important principles to follow in the treatment of hypertension. Both physicians and patients should take these basic principles into account in the treatment of this disease and incorporate them throughout the course of hypertension. The basic principles of hypertension treatment are summarized in eight articles: 1. Early treatment principle When hypertension has caused obvious arteriosclerosis and visceral damage, the effect of lowering blood pressure is often poor, and the damage to the viscera is also difficult to recover. In order to prevent the occurrence of irreversible complications or stop their development, early treatment is necessary. Especially for patients with moderate and severe hypertension, different degrees of hypertension should be treated separately. Especially for younger hypertensive patients, they should not wait until there are obvious complications before starting treatment. 2, the principle of non-pharmacological treatment “treatment” concept, the meaning is very broad, and is not limited to the use of antihypertensive drugs. Thus, early treatment does not necessarily require drugs. Most experts now encourage patients to take non-pharmacological means of treatment. The principles of treatment, as summarized in the latest British Hypertension Society Guidelines for the Treatment of Hypertension 1999, call first for a non-pharmacological approach to all patients with hypertension and critical hypertension; only patients with a sustained systolic blood pressure of ≥160 mmHg or a sustained diastolic blood pressure of ≥100 mmHg should be started on antihypertensive medication. At the beginning, only a small dose of drugs can be controlled, and only after the ineffective application of high-dose antihypertensive drugs will be considered. 3, long-term treatment principles for the vast majority of people, once suffering from hypertension, it means to fight a “protracted war”. Patients with hypertension should be aware of the serious consequences of not treating (including non-pharmacological treatment) and recovering from hypertension is rare. After blood pressure is satisfactorily controlled, blood pressure and the function of the heart, brain, kidneys and other important organs and fundus should still be reviewed at least every 3-6 months. After the blood pressure is normalized, the drug dose can be reduced or the treatment and health care can be shifted to Chinese medicine, but the treatment can rarely be stopped. Once the medication is stopped, blood pressure often rises again, and it is dangerous to suddenly stop many antihypertensive drugs. 4, the principle of individualization Because the specific situation of each patient with hypertension is different, the pathogenesis is also different, the response to treatment (drug and non-drug therapy) is also different, so in the process of clinical treatment must be treated separately, choose the most appropriate treatment, drugs and dose, in order to obtain the best results. The treatment of hypertension should be based on the age of each patient, coexisting risk factors and co-morbidities, etc., to make specific choices. 5, the principle of comprehensive treatment hypertension treatment can not rely on a single antihypertensive drug therapy, should be used as far as possible a variety of methods of comprehensive treatment, in order to achieve the best results. In this regard, we should also pay attention to the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine, and widely apply the colorful treatment methods and methods of traditional Chinese medicine, such as traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, food therapy, acupuncture, massage, medical qigong, sports therapy, emotional and spiritual conditioning, and living and regulating, in order to facilitate the recovery of the disease. 6, the principle of stable pressure lowering unless hypertensive crisis, hypertensive encephalopathy and other hypertensive emergencies, in general, blood pressure should be gradually decreased by a few days or 1-2 weeks, to avoid a sharp drop in blood pressure in the short term, so as to avoid the occurrence of heart, brain and kidney ischemic symptoms, especially in elderly patients. 7, the target blood pressure principle In the past, generally only emphasize the level of blood pressure should start treatment, and rarely talk about blood pressure should be reduced to or maintained at what level. However, in recent years, the concept of a “target value” for blood pressure has emerged; that is, the question of “what level of blood pressure is most appropriate” has become more and more common. The purpose of antihypertensive treatment is to control excessive blood pressure in order to protect the heart, brain, kidneys and other organs, maintain their normal physiological functions, prevent or reduce damage to these organs and tissues due to high blood pressure, and prevent or reduce the occurrence of serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. If blood pressure is lowered to a certain level that makes the above purposes fully achieved, then this level is optimal. Scientists have come to the following conclusion after a long period of research: Where blood pressure is controlled below 138/83 mmHg, the incidence of cardiovascular events (such as myocardial infarction, hypertensive crisis, stroke and other accidents) is the lowest. Moreover, it is also very safe to drop blood pressure below this level. Therefore, experts recommend that for patients with hypertension in general or hypertension in the elderly, the blood pressure should be lowered to below 138 mm Hg systolic and 83 mm Hg diastolic after treatment; while for patients with hypertension with diabetes, the systolic pressure should be lowered to below 130 mm Hg; and for those with renal insufficiency, it is advisable to control the blood pressure below 125/75 mm Hg. However, for patients who have developed hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebral hemorrhage and acute myocardial infarction with markedly elevated blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment should be approached with caution. Do not lower the blood pressure too fast at once, generally control the range of 25%-30% of the original blood pressure level, do not force an immediate drop to normal, otherwise it is not conducive to the blood supply of the heart, brain, kidneys and other organ tissues, is not conducive to the recovery of the disease. 8, the principle of regular examination and follow-up During the treatment period, blood pressure should be measured regularly. It is not possible to decide whether to take medication and what dose of medication based on subjective feelings. After treatment of mild hypertension, those with normal blood pressure for more than six months can stop taking medication for observation, but should adhere to non-pharmacological treatment and regular follow-up; after treatment of moderate and severe hypertension, diastolic blood pressure is maintained at about 90 mmHg for six months, a drug can be discontinued or the dose of a drug can be reduced. Patients who discontinue or reduce the dose should be followed up regularly and adhere to non-pharmacological treatment. If blood pressure is found to rise again, treatment should be restarted, and the medication and dose should be adjusted in a timely manner according to the degree of blood pressure rise and response to treatment in order to obtain the best efficacy. In addition, the treatment of secondary hypertension should pay attention to the treatment of the original disease that caused the hypertension. Once the primary condition is completely resolved, the blood pressure can often be reduced to normal once and for all. In cases of aortic constriction or renal artery stenosis, blood pressure can be automatically reduced to normal after surgical release of the constriction and repair of the stenosed renal artery, and percutaneous intracavitary artery dilation is also feasible for renal artery stenosis. For aortic stenosis, surgical release of the stenosis or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty may be performed. In adrenal cortical or renal parenchymal tumors and pheochromocytomas, which cause increased aldosterone, treatment of hypertension is often successful after surgical removal of the tumor. In some patients with secondary hypertension, when the cause of hypertension has not been eliminated, drug therapy can be applied.