Esophageal cancer generally refers to cancer of the esophagus. Patients can have surgical treatment, radiotherapy, endoscopic treatment and other treatments as prescribed by doctors. 1. Surgery: it is mainly divided into two types: conventional open-heart surgery and laparoscopic surgery, with the main purpose of removing the lesion. Patients need to be examined comprehensively before surgery to assess the function of each organ, and then operated after meeting all the indexes in order to improve the success rate of surgery. 2. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy: radiotherapy and chemotherapy can kill cancer cells in order to control the progress of disease and promote the recovery of health. Commonly used chemotherapy drugs include cisplatin, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, etc. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is also feasible for some patients before surgery, which can reduce the size of the tumor and kill the tiny metastatic foci, thus creating conditions for surgery. 3. Endoscopic therapy: it is applicable to patients with early esophageal cancer, and common treatment modalities include radiofrequency ablation, photodynamic therapy, laser therapy and so on. For middle and late stage esophageal cancer patients with obstruction, endoscopic dilatation and intra-esophageal stent placement are feasible to relieve obstruction. 4. Other treatments: mainly divided into molecular targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, all of which are cutting-edge treatments. It is suggested that esophageal cancer patients should adjust their mentality and actively cooperate with doctors in order to control the progress of the disease. Pay attention to the rationality of diet and ensure balanced intake of nutrients.